Provide examples of popular protocols at each layer of the five-layered Internet model.

•What is encapsulation, and how is it used in a layered model?

•What is the end-to-end (e2e) principle?

•What are the examples of a violation of e2e principle?

•What is the EvoArch model?

•Explain a round in the EvoArch model

.•What are the ramifications of the hourglass shape of the internet?

•Repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers operate on which layers?•

What is abridge, and how does it "learn"?•What is a distributed algorithm?•Explain the Spanning Tree Algorithm

.•What is the purpose of the Spanning Tree Algorithm?