PSYC 354 HOMEWORK 4 Sampling and Probability When submitting this file, be sure the filename includes your full name, course and section. Example: HW4_JohnDoe_354B01 Be sure you have reviewed this module/week's lesson and presentations along with the practice data analysis before proceeding to the homework exercises. Complete all analyses in SPSS, then copy and paste your output and graphs into your homework document file. Answer any written questions (such as the text-based questions or the APA Participants section) in the appropriate place within the same file. Questions 1-15 Part I: Concepts These questions are based on the Nolan and Heinzen reading and end-of-chapter questions. Questions 1-10 Fill in the highlighted blanks to answer/complete the statements. 1) Define an \"illusory correlation\" and give a brief example. _______. _______ refers to researchers' ability to apply findings from one sample or in one context to other samples or contexts. 2) 3) The duplication of the results of a research study in a different context or with a different sample is called ________. 4) Your own estimate of the likelihood that you will win a contest is known as a(n) ________. 5) Expected relative-frequency probability is computed as the number of ________ divided by the number of ________. 6) According to the Nolan and Heinzen (2016) text, what is the difference between a random sample and a convenience sample? ________. 7) A statement that 2 populations are different from one another is a(n) ________ hypothesis. 8) If you find that the groups you studied differed from each other more than would be expected by chance alone, you ________ the null hypothesis. 9) When you reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is in fact true, you have made a(n) ________ error. 10) When you fail to reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is in fact false, Page 1 of 5 PSYC 354 you have made a(n) ________ error. Question 11a-11b Researchers were interested in whether toddlers with older siblings learn to read at a different rate than those without older siblings. They recruited a sample of families and compared the number of words read correctly by the toddlers with older siblings to the number of words read correctly by toddlers without older siblings. 11-a) What is the likely null hypothesis for this experiment? Answer 11-b) What is the likely research hypothesis for this experiment? Answer Question 12-15 Complete the following exercises: 12) What is the probability of hitting a target if, in the long run, 6 out of every 35 attempts actually hit the target? Answer (show work) 13) On a TV game show, 12 people have won the grand prize and a total of 498 people have competed. Estimate the probability of winning the grand prize. Answer (show work) 14) Convert the following proportions to percentages: a) 0.32 b) .09 a ) Answer b ) Answer c ) Answer a ) Answer b ) Answer c ) Answer c) .7831 15) Convert the following percentages to proportions: a) 74.9% b) .2% c) 5.1% Page 2 of 5 PSYC 354 Part II & Part III There is no new SPSS material this module/week. No questions for Part II or III . Part IV: Cumulative Data provided below for Questions 1 and 2. Grade 98.00 93.50 92.00 89.00 85.75 80.50 78.00 76.00 75.25 72.00 71.75 70.25 70.25 67.00 63.00 58.00 55.00 Part IV: Questions 1a-1b The final grades for students in a freshman seminar are shown in the left-hand column. Enter the data into a new SPSS data file. Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of students' grades. Compute descriptive statistics for this data. Which measure of central tendency would you use to describe this data? Why? 1-a) Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of students' grades. Answer: SPSS graph 1-b) Compute descriptive statistics for this data. Which measure of central tendency would you use to describe this data? Why? Page 3 of 5 PSYC 354 Answer: Appropriate Descriptive Statistics Table Answer: Measure Of Central Tendency Explanation/Justification: City Livability Rating Seattle 76 Austin 83 Chicago 73 Pittsburgh 75 Boise 82 Los Angeles, CA 76 Detroit 67 Miami 71 New York 73 Portland 80 Atlanta 78 Charlotte 77 Part IV: Questions 2a & 2b The overall livability ratings of 12 US cities appear in the columns to the left. The data are based on data taken from this livability calculator (http://www.areavibes.com/). Enter the data in a new SPSS file. When creating the City variable, be sure that the type is set to \"string\" or \"text\" in the Variable View window so that the names will show up on the graph. 2-a) Create the correct type of graph to display this data, and justify your choice of graph using material from the text (review Chapter 3 if needed). Answer: paste SPSS graph here Explanation/Justification: 2-b) What level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, scale) is the variable \"City\"? Page 4 of 5 PSYC 354 What level of measurement is the variable \"Livability Rating\"? Answer Answer Submit Homework 4 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4. Remember to name file appropriately. Done! Page 5 of 5