Purpose: There are numerous of models of case management that have been touted, but in practice it is likely that they operate similarly. Case managers perform assessments, monitor clients' progress, develop individually tailored service plans, and link clients with services. Regardless of the model, case managers engage in some direct work with clients and link clients with services. Some models require that case managers be more actively engaged in outreach, rehabilitation, and treatment than others. Clinical case managers provide psychotherapy along with other tasks