Q$2$

a$)$ Figure below contains a depiction of an embossing press in which a single$-$acting cylinder is used for ejecting the processed parts. With the help of circuit diagrams, describe how this cylinder can be activated using $\frac{2}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ valves.

b$)$ Compare the two diagrams with regard to extension and retraction of the piston rod and draw your conclusions.

c$)$ Calculate the advancing pressure $(p)$ for a piston rod whose diameter $d=60mm$ and with a load weight $F=5kN.$ Ignore the resistances for this calculation.