Q.1 a) Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from Host A all bytes up to byte # 500. Suppose Host A then sends three segments to Host B back-to-back starting the first segment with sequence # 501. The first second & third segments contain 100, 50 and 200 bytes of data, respectively. Host B sends an acknowledgement whenever it receives a segment from Host A. Suppose the second segment is lost and first & third segment is correctly received by host B. i. What are the acknowledge numbers sent by host B for segment 1 & 3? [1] ii. Describe what will happen after the first timeout interval? (Hint: which segment will be retransmitted and what will be the acknowledgement number by host B for the received segment) [2] b) What is the purpose of SYN, ACK and FIN flag bits in the TCP header? Illustrate with corresponding TCP connection management functions. [3] c) Assuming TCP Reno is the protocol experiencing the behavior shown below, answer the following questions. 32 CWND D 24 16 16 16 B! E 9 . 32 12 D' G" 4 5 11 19 23 26 Time (one time unit = one RTT) i. Identify the intervals of time when TCP slow start & TCP congestion avoidance is operating. [2] ii. Suppose, a timeout happened in the 23rd RTT. Identify the type of loss (timeout/3-dup) and find the values of cwnd and ssthresh after the loss. [2]