Q1. Consider the two scenarios below: - A circuit-switching scenario in which Ncs users, each requiring a bandwidth of 10Mbps, must share a link of capacity 100Mbps. - A packet-switching scenario with Nps users sharing a 100Mbps link, where each user again requires 10Mbps when transmitting, but only needs to transmit 20 percent of the time. Round your answer to two decimals after leading zeros. 1. When circuit switching is used, what is the maximum number of users that can be supported? 2. Suppose packet switching is used. If there are 19 packet-switching users, can this many user be supported under circuit-switching? Yes or No w/ explanation. 3. Suppose packet switching is used. What is the probability that a given (specific) user is transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting? 4. Suppose packet switching is used. What is the probability that one user (any one among the 19 users) is transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting? 5. When one user is transmitting, what fraction of the link capacity will be used by this user? Write your answer as a decimal. Q2. Consider the scenario shown below, with four different servers connected to four different clients over four three-hop paths. The four pairs share a common middle hop with a transmission capacity of R=300Mbps. The four links from the servers to the shared link have a transmission capacity of RS=90 Mbps. Each of the four links from the shared middle link to a client has a transmission capacity of RC=80Mbps. 1. What is the maximum achievable end-end throughput (in Mbps) for each of four client-toserver pairs, assuming that the middle link is fairly shared (divides its transmission rate equally)? 2. Which link is the bottleneck link? Format as Rc, Rs, or R 3. Assuming that the servers are sending at the maximum rate possible, what are the link utilizations for the server links (Rs)? 4. Assuming that the servers are sending at the maximum rate possible, what are the link utilizations for the client links (RC) ? 5. Assuming that the servers are sending at the maximum rate possible, what is the link utilizations for the shared link (R)