Q16. __________ systems support the search for and sharing of organizational expertise, decision making, and collaboration at the organization level regardless of location. a. KM b. ERP c. CRM d. SCM Q17. The most common solution to supply chain uncertainties is to build inventories or __________ as insurance. a. safety stock b. stockouts c. continuous replenishment d. restocking Q18. Business-to-business integration (B2Bi) is vital for efficient and accurate flow of data across internal ISs and external business partners. B2Bi and secure data exchange over the Internet is done through __________. a. wireless routers b. B2B gateways c. data sources d. enterprise application integration (EAI) middleware Q19. According to the loyalty effect, a five percent reduction in customer attrition can improve profits by as much as __________ percent. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 Q20. __________ is a supply chain relationship in which a vendor continuously monitors the inventory of a retailer or distributor and automatically replenishes their inventory when levels hit the re-order point. a. Safety stock b. Stockouts c. Continuous replenishment d. Bullwhip effect Q21. Enterprise systems help managers and companies improve their performance by enabling them to __________. a. distribute data and periodic reports via e-mail internally to authorized users. b. seamlessly share real-time data internally among departments and with external business partners. c. consolidate data stores into a central data repository. d. outsource business processes to SaaS vendors and eliminate waste. Q22. Which is not one of the reasons why companies might need to migrate from legacy systems to enterprise systems? a. Legacy systems have high maintenance costs. b. Monolithic legacy architectures are inflexible. c. Legacy systems are hardwired by predefined process flows making integration with Internet-based apps difficult or impossible. d. Enterprise systems require retraining of end users whose productivity will slow initially as they adjust to a new way of doing their jobs. Q23. Retaining customers that generate revenues in excess of the costs of customer service, returns, promotional items, and the like are critical; and are the underlying reason for __________. a. EDI b. ERP c. CRM d. SCM Q24. KM systems are developed using communication and collaboration, and storage and retrieval technologies. a. True b. False Q25. Since the 1960s, there have been five major generations, or cycles, of computing. Which represents those generations in order? a. mainframes, miniframes, PCs, desktop Internet computing, mobile computing b. minicomputers, servers, PCs, wired computing, wireless computing c. mainframes, supercomputers, PCs, mobile computing, Internet computing d. PCs, laptops, netbooks, mobiles, embedded processors Q26. Planning a BI implementation is a complex project and includes typical project management steps. Therefore, the first step in the BI planning process is to _____. a. define the scope b. define the budget c. identify the resources needed d. define the timeline Q27. Sensitivity analysis is extremely valuable in DSSs because it makes the system flexible and adaptable to changing conditions and to the varying requirements of different decision-making situations. a. True b. False Q28. Twitter, Foursquare, and other real-time media add to or leverage capabilities of smartphones--improving your ability to be well-informed in real-time. a. True b. False Q29. From an IT perspective, which of the following best describes BI and BI apps? a. Stand-alone b. Support a specific objective c. A collection of ISs and technologies d. Web-based systems designed for for-profits Q30. For-profit and nonprofit enterprises are getting more value from BI and existing data by extending information to all managerial levels and to employees. a. True b. False Q31. Three core functions of __________ are query, reporting, and analytics. a. BI b. OLTP c. data warehousing d. OLAP Q32. __________ BI apps use real-time or near real-time data in order to support line managers who need to monitor performance of his or her business processes. a. Strategic b. Operational c. Tactical d. Traditional Q33. Which is not one of the characteristics or objectives of data mining? a. The miner is often an end user. b. Business sections that most extensively use data mining are manufacturing. c. Data mining tools are readily combined with spreadsheets. d. Sophisticated tools help to remove the information buried in corporate files. Q34. Managers rely on decision models because they __________ the situation or problem. a. simplify b. detail c. solve d. explain Q35. Data mining and __________ tools are used to find relationships that are not obvious, or to predict what is going to happen. a. DSS b. reporting c. predictive analytic d. queries Q36. BI systems have eliminated a common organizational problem, which is simultaneously having too much data but somehow not enough. a. True b. False Q37. Why did British-Swedish company AstraZeneca undergo a major restructure from a traditional model to a loosely-coupled business model? a. Management forecasted a significant loss in its sales revenues. b. Management wanted to implement the latest IT and social networks. c. Competition in the pharmaceutical industry was decreasing. Q38. A prerequisite for effective IT business alignment for the CIO to understand the latest technologies and for the CEO and business planners to understand competitors. a. True b. False Q39. Business service management is an approach for linking __________ or metrics of IT to business goals to determine the impact on the business. a. key performance indicators (KPIs) b. critical success factors (CSFs) c. scorecards d. financials Q40. Which is not one of the characteristics of critical success factors (CSFs)? a. Organizations in the same industry have the same CSFs. b. The CSF approach was developed to help identify the information needs of managers. c. The fundamental assumption is that in every organization there are three to six key factors that, if done well, will result in the organization's success. d. The failure of these factors will result in some degree of failure at the organization. Q41. Making IT investments on the basis of an immediate need or threat is not a smart strategy because it can result in incompatible, redundant, or failed systems. a. True b. False Q42. __________ is used in planning situations that involve much uncertainty, like that of IT in general and e-commerce in particular. a. Key performance indicators (KPIs) b. Scenario planning c. Critical success factors (CSFs) d. Balanced scorecard Q43. Optimally, the __________ guides investment decisions and decisions on how ISs will be developed, acquired, and/or implemented. a. network infrastructure b. SWOT c. level of IT expertise d. IT strategy Q44. Business strategy sets the overall direction for the business; while the IT strategy defines what information, ISs, and architecture are needed to support the business and how infrastructure and services are to be delivered. a. True b. False Q45. According to a survey of business leaders by Diamond Management & Technology Consultants, 87 percent believe that IT is critical to their companies' strategic success, but few business leaders work with IT to achieve that success. a. True b. False Q46. Why is it insufficient to develop a long-term IT strategy and not reexamine the strategy on a regular basis? a. Systems need to be maintained b. To keep the CIO part of the executive team c. Organizational goals change over time d. To automate business processes Q47. Which of the following statements about outsourcing is false? a. Increasingly, organizations are leveraging existing global cloud infrastructures from companies such as Amazon and Google. b. Established companies are less willing to outsource company-critical functions in an effort to reduce costs. c. New start-up companies typically outsource and rely on SaaS to avoid upfront IT costs. d. Outsourcing companies have started to offer interesting new business models and services around cloud computing. Q48. Both IT and organizational strategies are static and can be harmed when people resist change because IS success depends on the skills and cooperation of people. a. True b. False Q49. ______ is a technology approach to implementing a business process. a. Service-oriented action b. Service-oriented architecture c. Site-oriented architecture d. Site-oriented action Q50. High energy costs together with the growing power consumption of computing and communications technologies are having a direct negative impact on many businesses' bottom lines. a. true b. false