Q3. From Manager's perspective DuPont Identity 3-1. DuPont Identity decompose the ROE into three different sources: profitability, management efficiency, and financial leverage. Net profit margin = Net Income / Sales Total asset turnover ratio = Sales / Total assets Equity multiplier = Assets / Equity Return on Equity = (Net Profit Margin) * (Total asset turnover) * (Equity Multiplier) Year Net profit margin Total asset turnover Equity multiplier 2020 -3.01% 0.33 2.93 2019 7.67% 0.33 2.73 2018 11.34% 0.32 2.74 2017 18.34% 0.36 3.13 2016 7.92% 0.41 3.25 Return on Assets Return on Equity -0.98% -2.89% 2.52% 6.88% 3.64% 9.99% 6.63% 20.74% 3.21% 10.46% Questions: Profit margin: Are profits high enough, given the level of sales? Total asset turnover: Are sales higher enough, given the level of assets? Equity multiplier: How did the financial leverage change the return on equity? What has been the main driving factors for the change of ROE in recent years, profitability, asset turnover, or financial leverage, or mix of the three