QUESTION 1 (10 marks) SHORT ESSAY RESPONSE '[T]he extravagant use of the granted powers in the actual working of the Constitution is a matter to be guarded against by the constituencies and not by the Courts.' Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129, 151 (Knox CJ, Isaacs, Rich and Starke JJ). Critically evaluate this observation, with reference to one of the following: (a) The common law of statutory interpretation; or (b) The proposal for a First Nations Voice; or (c) The Court's method of giving content to representative democracy as a constitutional imperative.

QUESTION 2 (20 marks) PROBLEM QUESTION The Seniors' Rights Association ('SRA') is a national body that advocates for the rights of the elderly. It is concerned about recent changes to New South Wales and Commonwealth electoral laws.

New South Wales SRA is concerned about the reduction of seniors' voting power under the Legislative Council (Intergenerational Equity) Act 2022 (NSW), s 5: 5(1) The Legislative Council shall consist of 60 members, elected at periodic Council elections. 5(2) There shall be three electoral divisions for Council elections: (i) The Youth Division, comprising electors aged 18-21 years. (ii) The Adult Division, comprising electors aged 22-79. (iii) The Senior Division, comprising electors who have attained the age of 80. 5(3) The number of Members of the Legislative Council to be returned in each Division shall be: (i) The Youth Division will elect 4 Members of the Legislative Council. (ii) The Adult Division will elect 54 Members of the Legislative Council. (iii) The Senior Division will elect 2 Members of the Legislative Council.

The latest demographic statistics for electors in New South Wales parliamentary elections show: