QUESTION 1 [12 MARKS] a) The advancement of networking technologies has changed the manner in which social, commercial, political, and personal interaction occurs. Provide THREE (3) impacts of the Internet and networks on people and businesses with and an explanation. [4 Marks] b) Figure 1 Figure 1 depicts a typical reliable session taking place between sending and receiving systems. However, sometimes during a transfer, congestion can occur because a high- speed computer is generating data traffic a lot faster than the network can transfer the data. Explain in detail the process above and suggest ONE (1) technique to overcome the congestion problem. [4 Marks] c) The network model provides the guiding principles behind the development of the network standards. The physical layer defines the connction of end systems. Describe the various types of media used in this layer with their types. [4 Marks] QUESTION 2 (5 MARKS] You have been given the host IP address 162.144.19.67. The original subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The new subnet mask for the host IP address is 255.255.240.0. Find the following: a) What is the class of the given IP? [0.5 Mark] b) What is the prefix of the new subnet mask? [0.5 Mark] c) How many bits borrowed for subnet? Mark] [0.5 d) How many subnets are created? Mark] [0.5 e) How man/ bits are host bits? Mark] [0.5 f) How many hosts per subnet? Mark] [0.5 g) What is the network address of this subnet? Mark] [0.5 [0.5 h) What is the first host on this subnet? Mark] i) What is the last host on this subnet? Mark] [0.5 1) What is the broadcast address on this subnet? [0.5 QUESTION 3 [12 MARKS] You have been hired by a startup company to design, plan and implement an Ethernet network. Network address 199.12.45.23/24 is given to be subnet for the company's network. The network has the following addressing requirements: HR department with 35 users Shipping department with 12 users Service department with 45 users Procurement department with 10 users . . Complete the subnet Table 1 by listing the subnet address, first usable host address, last usable host address, broadcast address, and subnet mask. I Department Subnet Mask Subnet Address First Usable Host Address Last Usable Host Address Broadcast Address Table 1 QUESTION 4 [12 MARKS] a) Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) to detect and handle collisions and manage the resumption of communications. [6 i) Explain the process of transmitting the data using the CSMA/CD. Marks) ii) In what condition can the collision happen? Marks] [2 b) Internet Protocol (IP) is used for the packets used on the media. - i) IP address is placed in a packet for a computer to communicate. Write the features that IP address has? [2 Marks] ii) What will happen if the size of packet is less than minimum size or greater than the maximum size? [2 Marks] [9 MARKS] QUESTION 5 I a) Data communication process uses port number during the process. Mention any FIVE (5) application names with their port number. [5 Marks] b) Explain the steps used by the "Hypertext Transfer Protocol to process the url: http://www.cisco.com with the help of a diagram. What are the TWO (2) protocols that must be executed by the computer after the user press enter key