Question 1 [22]

1. HSLA is commonly produced via the continuous casting route. It is expected to follow the controlled rolling procedure. How does the effect of precipitation strengthening considered in this process? (6)

2. What is common and different about these steels? (9)

a. HSLA:

b. Dual phase:

c. TRIP:

3. How does martensite in the formable steel not considered a detrimental phase? (3)

4. How are inclusions formed in structural steels? (4)

Question 2 [20]

1. What does the following quotes mean? (5)

a. AISI

b. ASTM

c. ASM

d. SAE

e. Corten

2. What are the benefits of using A572 over A36 steels? (6)

3. What is the impact of the following elements in the steel? (6)

a. Nickel

b. Chromium

c. Carbon

4. During transformation and improving the strength of steel, which microstructures are expected to serve for better strength? (3)

Question 3 [19]

1. Why are engineering steels defined by hardenability and machinability? (4)

2. How is austempering achieved? (4)

3. Stainless steels are a range of expensive steels. How are they classified? (5)

4. If you could choose between two similar stainless-steel grades, what will be those and how do they differ from each other? (6)