QUESTION 1 (25 Marks) A study aims to analyse the consumer behaviour of Pick n Pay customers at Gateway Mall. In this case: 1.1.1 Identify and explain the target population, as well as the sample for the study. Next, choose a sampling technique that will allow you to build a sample frame in order to yield the sample size you require. (5 marks) 1.1.2 Describe the research approach and instrument that would be most appropriate for this study. In addition, design the research instrument that you have described. (10 marks) 1.2 Accessing research participants can be very challenging in qualitative research. With reference to that, critique the participant observation and in-depth interviews as data collection methods. In your analysis, indicate some of the limitations associated with issues of credibility and bias in the methods described above. Suggest ways in which the limitations can be overcome. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 (25 Marks) Choose an organisation of your choice and respond to the questions that follow: The management of the organisation aims to do research on the effectiveness of the organisations internal communication channels and they have consulted with you to do the research on their behalf. Based on the above: 2.1 Describe the research approach that you would use to measure the frequency with which employees send and receive internal communication, as well the frequency with which certain media (e.g. emails) are used. Explain your answer. (10 marks) 2.2 If the goal of the management is to interpret the effectiveness of the communication, as experienced by the employees themselves, which research approach and would be most suitable in this case? Design the instrument that you have described. (15 marks) QUESTION 3 (25 Marks) Critically discuss the positivist, interpretivist and the pragmatism research philosophies. Your discussion should focus on the assumptions (the kinds of discourses) around each paradigm, as well as the methodological approaches aligned with them. QUESTION 4 (25 Marks) 4.1 The aim of the qualitative approach is to understand the world from the respondents perspectives, as well as the depth of meaning associated with visible behaviour. Explain what is meant by the above assertion. (5 marks) 4.2 Distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling. In each case, provide two examples and explain them. (10 marks) 4.3 Explain the concepts of validity and reliability in the context of qualitative studies.