QUESTION 1 (25 Marks) With reference to the case study provided, critically discuss the typology of risks and their impacts that businesses in Africa and the Middle East have been exposed to as a result of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. QUESTION 2 (25 Marks) As highlighted in the case study Russian ships have been banned from UK ports. The ban includes any vessels owned or operated by anyone connected to Russia and authorities will also gain new powers to detain Russian vessels. It is evident that the use of economic sanctions by Europe and its allies against Russia has created an opportunity for businesses in other countries to enter the Russian market. Against this background, examine why some businesses may be for and against entering the Russian market during this period. Substantiate your response with relevant content. QUESTION 3 (25 Marks) Many European and American businesses such as Visa, McDonalds, Shell among many others have since pulled out of the Russian market citing various reasons. Considering this, critically discuss the benefits of conducting an extensive risk assessment before any organisation enters a new market. QUESTION 4 (25 Marks) With the growth of conflicts across the globe risk management techniques have been prioritised and applied in the finance and energy sectors. For the finance sector the focus has been on operational risks, as well as market, credit, and other types of financial risks. It has been argued by various institutions that risk management only needs to be as sophisticated as the organization requires it to be in order to bring benefits. With reference to relevant examples critically discuss REFORM, CONFORM, PERFORM AND DEFORM as levels of risk management sophistication.