QUESTION $18$

Jordan purchases a high$-$end vacuum cleaner with the expectation that it will effectively clean different types of surfaces. After using the vacuum cleaner, they evaluate its performance based on whether it meets their expected outcomes. In the context of the disconfirmation paradigm, performance indicates:

a$.$

consumers' perceptions of a risk.

b$.$

the causes of post$-$decision dissonance.

c$.$

rightful thoughts about casualty and fairness.

d$.$

whether the expected outcomes have been achieved.

e$.$

role of ambiguity in production.