Question $1$

a$.$ Discuss the principles of quantum cryptography and explain how quantum key distribution $($QKD$)$ works.

b$.$ What is the no$-$cloning theorem and why is it important in quantum cryptography?

c$.$ How does the BB$84$ protocol ensure the security of a key exchange?

d$.$ Can quantum cryptography be integrated with existing communication infrastructure? Explain.

e$.$ What is post$-$quantum cryptography and how does it differ from quantum cryptography?

f$.$ What are some of the challenges facing the widespread adoption of quantum cryptography?

Question $2$

a$.$ Discuss Homomorphic cryptography and give an existing real$-$world example.

b$.$ What are the different types of homomorphic encryption schemes, and what functionalities do they offer?

c$.$ What are the security concerns associated with Homomorphic encryption.

d$.$ What are the main challenges hindering the widespread adoption of homomorphic encryption?

e$.$ How can we improve the performance and efficiency of homomorphic encryption algorithms?

f$.$ How does homomorphic encryption enable computation on encrypted data without decrypting it$?$