QUESTION $1$

A good scientific research has eight hallmarks. These hallmarks collectively contribute to the quality

and credibility of scientific research. Elaborate the following hallmarks.

a$.$ Rigour

b$.$ Testability

c$.$ Parsimony

d$.$ Objective

e$.$ Replicability

$(10$ marks$)$

QUESTION $2$

Basic and applied research are two different approaches to scientific inquiry, each with its own

objectives, methods, and outcomes. Explain FIVE $(5)$ comparisons between basic and applied research.

$(10$ marks$)$

QUESTION $3$

Discuss the process of critically evaluating the quality and relevance of sources when conducting a

literature review.

$(10$ marks$)$

QUESTION $4$

The choice of research design depends on the nature of the research problem, the available resources,

and the desired outcomes. Explain THREE $(3)$ main types of research design.

$(10$ marks$)$

QUESTION $5$

Probability sampling techniques are used to ensure that the sample drawn from a population is

representative and provides a reliable basis for making inferences about the entire population. Elaborate

FOUR $(4)$ probability sampling techniques with a relevant EXAMPLE.