QUESTION 1

1. A score that is 3 points lower than the sample mean has az-score ofz= -0.25, and a score ofX= 44 has az-score of -0.75. What is the sample mean?

	a.	M= 56
	b.	M= 51
	c.	M= 53
	d.	M= 48

QUESTION 2

1. Usingz-scores, a population with= 37 and= 6 is standardized so that the new mean is= 50 and= 10. After the standardization, one individual has a score ofX= 55. What was this individual's score in the original distribution?

	a.	X= 43
	b.	X= 42
	c.	This cannot be determined from the information provided.
	d.	X= 40

QUESTION 3

1. Consider a population that has a score ofX= 15 associated with a z-score of +1.50. What does this z-score indicate about the location ofX= 15?

	a.	A score ofX= 15 is 1.5 standard deviations below the mean.
	b.	A score ofX= 15 is 1.5 mean units below the standard deviation.
	c.	A score ofX= 15 is 1.5 mean units above the standard deviation.
	d.	A score ofX= 15 is 1.5 standard deviations above the mean.

QUESTION 4

1. A population of scores has= 44. In this population, a score ofX= 40 corresponds to z = -1.00. What is the population standard deviation?

	a.	8
	b.	2
	c.	6
	d.	4

QUESTION 5

1. Which position in a distribution corresponds to az-score ofz= -1.00?

	a.	above the mean by 1 point
	b.	below the mean by 1 standard deviation
	c.	below the mean by 1 point
	d.	above the mean by 1 standard deviation

QUESTION 6

1. In a population with= 5, a score ofX= 46 corresponds to az-score ofz= +0.40. What is the population mean?

	a.	= 44
	b.	= 48
	c.	= 40
	d.	= 41

QUESTION 7

1. The distribution of z-scores corresponding with a population of scores always has a variance of _____.

	a.	2= 1.
	b.	2= 0.
	c.	This cannot be determined based on the information provided.
	d.	2= 2.

QUESTION 8

1. Whichz-score value represents the location farthest from the mean?

	a.	z= -0.50
	b.	z= -2.00
	c.	z= +0.50
	d.	z= -1.00

QUESTION 9

1. A researcher is interested in whether a new reading technique influences the reading ability of elementary school children. The researcher knows that average reading ability among a population of third graders is = 3 with a standard deviation of =1. If the researcher administers the new reading technique to a third grader who subsequently scores X = 4, it can be concluded that the new reading technique _____.

	a.	decreases reading ability.
	b.	does not have an influence on reading ability.
	c.	This cannot be determined based on the provided information.
	d.	does have an influence on reading ability.

QUESTION 10

1. For an exam with a mean ofM= 74 and a standard deviation ofs= 8, Mary has a score ofX= 80, Bob's score corresponds toz= +1.50, and Sue's score is located above the mean by 10 points. If the students are placed in order from smallest score to largest exam score, what is the correct order?

	a.	Mary, Sue, Bob
	b.	Mary, Bob, Sue
	c.	Bob, Mary, Sue
	d.	Sue, Bob, Mary

QUESTION 11

1. Barbara is a psychologist who measures relationship satisfaction among couples by observing non-verbal behavior (e.g., smiling, mimicking partner actions). In this example, non-verbal behavior is an example of a(n)_____.

	a.	construct.
	b.	real limits.
	c.	operational definition.
	d.	discrete variable.

QUESTION 12

1. Which kind of variable requires the use of real limits?

	a.	ordinal
	b.	interval
	c.	discrete
	d.	continuous

QUESTION 13

1. A tenet of the scientific method is that _____ allow researchers to examine mental processes and behavior in an empirical, scientific manner.

	a.	operational definitions
	b.	experimental research studies
	c.	correlational research studies
	d.	constructs

QUESTION 14

1. The participants in a research study self-report their sleep quality levels by choosing the response option that best characterizes their average sleep quality per night from the following response options: 1 = extremely low sleep quality, 2 = very low sleep quality, 3 = low sleep quality, 4 = extremely high sleep quality. Which measurement scale is being used to classify sleep quality?

	a.	ordinal
	b.	ratio
	c.	nominal
	d.	interval

QUESTION 15

1. What is the value of (X+ 2) for the scores 1, 2, 1, and 3?

	a.	8
	b.	7
	c.	10
	d.	15

QUESTION 16

1. For a research study examining how participant gender influences support for equality in society, participant gender is an example of which kind of variable?

	a.	dependent variable
	b.	quasi-independent variable
	c.	quasi-dependent variable
	d.	dependent variable

QUESTION 17

1. Sarah is conducting a research study in which one group of participants consume one cup of coffee, whereas another group of participants consume two cups of coffee. Then, she assesses attention levels of these participants following coffee consumption. This is an example of a(n)_____research study.

	a.	descriptive
	b.	experimental
	c.	correlational
	d.	quasi-experimental

QUESTION 18

1. Consider the mathematical expressions of (X)²and X². A valid generalization is that _____.

	a.	the first equation typically will yield a higher computed value.
	b.	the first equation typically will yield a lower computed value.
	c.	in both equations squaring will be the last operation performed.
	d.	in both equations summing will be the last operation performed.

QUESTION 19

1. The main distinction between an interval and ratio scale of measurement is that _____.

	a.	a ratio scale does not allow for comparisons between two scores regarding differences in size.
	b.	a ratio scale does not allow for comparisons between two scores regarding whether one score is higher or lower than the other.
	c.	a score of 0 on a ratio scale does not represent the completed absence of that variable.
	d.	a score of 0 on a ratio scale represents the completed absence of that variable.

QUESTION 20

1. Calculate each value requested for the following set of scores. Scores: 1, 3, 4

a. (X- 1)

b. X²

c. (X)² d. (X- 1)²