Question $1$

a$.$ Which of the following memories, EPROM, DRAM, or SRAM, must be refreshed

periodically, and why?

$[1$ Mark$]$

b$.$ Name three components of the AVR CPU and explain the purpose of each.

$[3$ Marks$]$

c$.$ Give three file extensions that are produced by Atmel Studio after assembling an

assembly language program. What is the purpose of each file?

$[3$ Marks$]$

d$.$ If the following AVR assembly language routine is being executed on an AVR

microcontroller, calculate the value of $\text{'}x\text{'}$ that will cause the routine to give a delay of

$10\mathrm{.}075$ ms $.$ Assume XTAL $=8MHz.$

$[3$ Marks$]$

e$.$ Write an AVR assembly language program to convert a series of packed BCD numbers to

ASCII. Assume that the packed BCD numbers are located in FLASH memory starting at

address $0300($see below$).$ Place the ASCII data in SRAM locations starting at address

$060.$

$.$ORG $0300$

MYDATA: $DB0x36,075,021,051,039,020$