Question $1$: Building an Online Shopping Cart System

Step $1$: Product and Cart Classes

$1.$ Product Class Design: Create a class called Product with attributes like name, price, and

quantity. Include a method within the class to calculate the total cost of a specific quantity of

the product, $($ex: price$*$quantity$).$

$2.$ Cart Class Construction: Develop a class named Cart that initializes an empty list to store

products. Implement methods to add products to the cart, remove products, and compute the

total cost of all items in the cart.

Step $2$: Specialized Products and Enhanced Cart Functionality

$1.$ Specialized Product Types:

$$ Use inheritance to inherit Product class $($Parent Class$)$ to define specific product types

$($child classes$)$ like Books, Clothing, and Electronics.

$$ Each subclass should have its unique attributes$/$methods relevant to its category.

$2.$ Cart Functionality Expansion:

$$ Enhance the Cart class to manage different product types efficiently.

$$ Implement methods to:

$$ Display cart contents for each product category.

$$ Calculate total costs per category.

Step $3$: Payment Handling using Polymorphism and Abstract Class

$1.$ Abstract Payment Class Creation: Establish an abstract class named Payment with an abstract

method process$\_$payment$().$ Develop subclasses like CreditCardPayment and PayPalPayment,

each featuring its payment processing method.

Note: The Payment class will act as a base for different payment methods $($e$.$g$.,$ credit card,

PayPal$),$ ensuring that every payment method class that derives from it must implement the

process$\_$payment$()$ method, ensuring consistency across all payment types.

$2.$ Modifying the Cart Class for Payment Handling:

$$ Supporting Various Payment Methods: Modify the Cart class to incorporate multiple payment

methods by utilizing polymorphism. Polymorphism allows different classes $($in this case,

payment methods$)$ to be treated as instances of the same base class $($Payment$).$

$$ Implementing process$\_$payment$($payment$\_$method$)$: Within the Cart class, create a method

named process$\_$payment$($payment$\_$method$).$ This method will handle payments based on the

chosen payment method passed as an argument.

$$ Polymorphic Behavior: The process$\_$payment$()$ method in the Cart class will use polymorphism

to interact with different payment methods. It will accept a payment$\_$method parameter, which

could be an instance of any class that extends the Payment abstract class $($e$.$g$.,$

CreditCardPayment, PayPalPayment$).$

Step $4$: Advanced Features, Security Measures, and Control

$1.$ Secure Data Access: Implement getter$-$setter methods within classes to regulate access to

sensitive product or payment information. Enforce security measures within the system to

prevent unauthorized access to specific functionalities.

After implement the above classes, please solve the below questions:

Assignment Questions:

$1.$ Describe the inheritance hierarchy within the shopping cart system. Please provide an

example of a specialized product class derived from the base Product class and elucidate how

it extends the functionality of the base class.

$2.$ Explain the role of polymorphism in handling payments within the shopping cart system.

Illustrate how different payment methods are accommodated within the Cart class using

polymorphic behavior.

$3.$ Demonstrate the usage of getter$-$setter methods for controlling access to sensitive

information in the implemented system. Provide examples showcasing how these methods

contribute to data security within the shopping cart context.