Question 1- During U.S. history, which of the following constitutional clauses has played the least significant role in the expansion of federal authority?

1-necessary and proper clause

2-supremacy clause

3-commerce clause

4-naturalization clause

5-taxing and spending clause

Question 2 - Over the course of U.S. history, the federal system has become increasingly "nationalized" in the sense that the federal government's authority has expanded relative to the power of the states. Which factor has beenleastimportant in this development?

1- Increased levels of industrialization and urbanization have made the American economy and people increasingly interdependent, requiring national solutions to policy problems.

2- Supreme Court rulings that have broadly interpreted the federal government's constitutional powers.

3- The states' desire to cede authority to the national government to relieve themselves of some of their policy responsibilities.

4 - The use of federal grants-in-aid as a means of exerting federal authority in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.

Question 3 - In comparing the Supreme Court rulings upholding the New Deal programs with the Supreme Court ruling upholding the 2010 health care reform act, which statement is true?

1- Both the New Deal rulings and the health care ruling hinged on the Court's interpretation of the necessary and proper clause.

2 - Many of the New Deal rulings centered on the commerce clause while the Court's upholding of the health care act was based on the taxing clause.

3 - Both the New Deal rulings and the health care ruling centered on the supremacy clause.

4 - Both the New Deal rulings and the health care ruling rested on the Court's interpretation of the Tenth Amendment.