Question 1:

In 2016, the 4 x 4 Shop is a large retailer of pickup trucks. An income statement for the company's Seat Liner Department for the most recent quarter is presented below:

The 4x4 Shop
Income Statement Seat Liner Department
For the First Quarter of 2016
Sales		$700,000
Less: Cost of goods sold		250,000
Gross margin		450,000
Less: Operating expenses:
Selling expenses	$195,000
Administrative expenses	145,000	340,000
Net income		$110,000

The liners sell, on average, for $350 each. The department's variable selling expenses are $35 per liner sold. The remaining selling expenses are fixed. The administrative expenses are 25% variable and 75% fixed. The company purchases its liners from a supplier at a cost of $125 per liner. Required:

1. Prepare an income statement for the quarter, using the contribution approach.

Question 2:

ABC Company's total overhead costs at various levels of activity are presented below:

	Machine Hours	Total Overhead Costs
March	60,000	$216,800
April	50,000	194,000
May	70,000	239,600
June	80,000	262,400

Assume that the overhead costs above consist of utilities, supervisory salaries, and maintenance. At the 50,000-machine-hour level of activity, these costs are presented below:

Utilities (V)	$54,000
Supervisory salaries (F)	62,000
Maintenance (M)	78,000
Total overhead costs	$194,000

Legend: V=Variable, F=Fixed, M=Mixed The company wants to break down the maintenance cost into its basic variable and fixed cost elements. Required:

1. Estimate the maintenance cost for June.
2. Use the high-low method to estimate the cost formula for maintenance cost.
3. Estimate the total overhead cost at an activity level of 55,000 machine hours, using the separate estimates you obtained for its components.

Question 3:

The following is Arkadia Corporation's contribution format income statement for last month:

Sales	$1,200,000
Less: Variable expenses	800,000
Contribution margin	400,000
Less: Fixed expenses	300,000
Operating income	$100,000

The company has no beginning or ending inventories and produced and sold 20,000 units during the month.

Required:

1. What is the company's contribution margin ratio?
2. What is the company's break-even in units?
3. If sales increase by 100 units, by how much should operating income increase?
4. How many units would the company have to sell to attain target operating income of $125,000?
5. What is the company's margin of safety in dollars?
6. What is the company's degree of operating leverage?
7. If the tax rate is 30%, how many units must be sold to attain an after tax profit of $84,000?

Question 4:

Fill in the missing amounts in each of the eight case situations below. Each case is independent of the others. (Hint: One way to find the missing amounts would be to prepare a contribution-format income statement for each case, enter the known data, and then compute the missing items.)

1. Assume that only one product is being sold in each of the following four case situations:

Case	Units Sold	Sales	Variable Expenses	Contribution Margin Per Unit	Fixed Expenses	Operating Income (Loss)
1	9,000	$270,000	$162,000	A	$90,000	B
2	C	$350,000	D	$15	$170,000	$40,000
3	20,000	E	$280,000	$16	F	$35,000
4	5,000	$160,000	G	H	$82,000	($12,000)

1. Assume that more than one product is being sold in each of the following four case situations:

Case	Sales	Variable Expenses	Ave Contribution Margin %	Fixed Expenses	Operating Income (Loss)
1	$450,000	A	40%	B	$65,000
2	$200,000	$130,000	C	$60,000	D
3	E	F	80%	$470,000	$90,000
4	$300,000	$90,000	G	H	($15,000)