Question 1: James McGregor Burns (1978) proposed that leadership process occurs in one of two ways; either transactional or transformational. He described transformational leadership as superior leadership performance seen when leaders encourage employees to broaden and arouse their level of interest and generate awareness and acceptance of the purposes and mission of the group. Transactional leadership on the other hand concentrates on the notion of transactions between leader and employee, whereby the leader upholds compliance by way of both reward and punishment, thus incorporating both positive and negative notions. Based on your organisational experience (or from your reading) analyse how the differences between the transformational leadership and transactional leadership will impact the organisational effectiveness. (50 marks)

Question 2: Organisational structure today have been continuously operating in a VUCA (volatile, unstable, complex and ambiguous) environment and the global pandemic. In the context of organisational structure, based on your experience (or from your reading), describe reasons the traditional mechanistic structure is rapidly changing into a more organic structure and its impact on management in organisations.