QUESTION 1

Key components of experimental designs include . . .

a. Random assignment

Control over extraneous variables

b. Manipulation of the treatment conditions

Outcome measuresGroup comparisons

c. a but not b

d. both a and b

QUESTION 2

Control of extraneous variables includes . . .

a. Random assignment of participants before beginning the experiment

b. Random assignment after the experiment begins

c. Other control procedures:

Pretests and posttests

Covariates

Matching participants

Homogenous samples

Blocking variables

d. both a and c

QUESTION 3

These statements are true about covariates

a. Covariates:

Variables that the researcher controls for using statistics

Relate to the dependent variable but not the independent variable

b. Removes the variance between a covariate and a dependent variable to assess the variance between the independent and the dependent variable

c. Covariates: Variables that the researcher controls for using statistics Relate to the independent dependent variable but not the dependent variable

d. both a and b

QUESTION 4

Key characteristics of true experiments include . . .

a. Random assignment, control over extraneous variables, manipulation of the treatment conditions, outcome measures, group comparisons, and threats to validity

b. Random assignment, control over extraneous variables, manipulation of the treatment conditions, group comparisons, and threats to validity

c. Non-random assignment, control over extraneous variables, manipulation of the treatment conditions, outcome measures, group comparisons, and threats to validity

d. Random assignment, manipulation of the treatment conditions, outcome measures, group comparisons, and threats to validity

QUESTION 5

Random assignment in experimental designs refers to . . .

a. Randomly assign individuals to conditions or to groups

b. Random assignment equates groups and distributes variability between or among groups and conditions

c. Different from random selection probability sampling

d. All of the above

QUESTION 6

Controlling for covariates is a key feature of experimental designs, and "covariates" means . . .

a. Variables that the researcher controls for using statistics

b. Relate to the dependent variable but not the independent variable

c. Covariates examples are: gender, pretest scores, individual abilities

d. Both a and b

QUESTION 7

Manipulating treatment conditions in experimental designs involves

a. Identifying a treatment variable

b. Identifying the conditions or levels of the treatment variable

c. Manipulating the treatment conditions

d. All of the above

QUESTION 8

An independent variable that can be manipulated is, for example, . . .

a. Age

b. Frequency of smoking

c. Types of instruction

d. Gender

QUESTION 9

Group comparison designs involve . . .

a. Process of a researcher obtaining scores for individuals or groups on the dependent variable

b. Comparing the means and variance both within the group and between the groups

c. Measuring an extraneous variable and how it affects the dependent variable

d. Both a and b

QUESTION 10

The observed changes that took place are a result of your intervention or your program and are not the result of other causes. This is known as . . .

a. Reliability

b. External validity

c. Internal validity

d. Internal consistency