Question 1 Most psychological research is undertaken with the hope of rejecting the null hypothesis discovering the ultimate truth rejecting the research hypothesis proving the null hypothesis Question 2 1 pts Garret thinks his car battery is becoming weak. He doesn't want to be stranded on the highway, so he tests his battery and it tests fine. But when Garret begins his trip on the highway, the battery dies 20 miles down the road. The test results must have been wrong! What type of error is this? Type | sampling systematic bias Type II Question 3 Mila hypothesized that older adults would score higher on emotional intelligence measures compared to younger adults in her study. If the results are in support of Mila's prediction, she would: reject the null hypothesis. fail to reject the null hypothesis. commit a Type I error. reject the alternative hypothesis. Question 4 1 pts Some people seem to believe that the intelligence of dogs is related to their size. If there is no actual association between these variables, this would be an example of a{n): personal probability. illusory correlation. coincidence. confirmation bias. Random assignment differs from random selection because: random assignment deals with how participants in a sample are assigned to levels ofthe independent variable whereas random selection deals with how participants for a study are chosen to begin with. random assignment deals with how participants for a study are chosen to begin with whereas random selection deals with how participants in a sample are assigned to levels of the independent variable. random assignment is rarely achieved, but random selection is almost always achieved. random assignment must be performed by the experimenter who is carrying out the study, but random selection can be carried out at the analysis stage. Question 6 Researchers are interested in depressed individuals who are not responding to treatment. For their study, the researchers sample 18 patients from their own private clinics whose depression had not responded to treatment. Half received one intravenous dose of ketamine, a hypothesized quick fix for depression; half received one intravenous dose of placebo. Far more of the patients who received ketamine improved, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, usually in less than 2 hours, than patients on placebo. Would random selection have been possible? Why or why not? (*Be sure to thoroughly explain your choice.) For the following example, state whether the trials are independent or dependent. 9-year-old Lucy gets to pick from the candy bag, filled with colored jelly beans, every time she helps around the house. She has been picking (and eating!) candy for 5 days in a row and each time she has picked a different colorjelly bean. (Note: The candy bag was only filled one time and no more candy has been added since then.) dependent independent Question 8 A researcher is interested in how students at OSU feel about smoking on campus. The researcher goes out on the Oval and collects responses of students that walk by. Suppose that some time later new policies were put in place and the researcher asked students about their attitudes before and after the implementation of these policies. The researcher makes the hypothesis that \"Students' positive attitudes towards smoking will decline due to the new policy.\" This is a hypothesis. null invalid research random A researcher is interested in how students at OSU feel about smoking on campus. The researcher goes out on the Oval and collects responses of students that walk by. Suppose that some time later new policies were put in place and the researcher asked students about their attitudes before and after the implementation of these policies. The researcher makes the hypothesis that \"Students' positive attitudes towards smoking will decline due to the new policy." The researcher finds that positive attitudes towards smoking do not significantly decline as a result of the new policies. Therefore, the researcher concludes to write a theory fail to reject the null reject the null accept the null measure a different sample Researchers are interested in depressed individuals who are not responding to treatment. For their study, the researchers sample 18 patients from their own private clinics whose depression had not responded to treatment. Half received one intravenous dose of ketamine, a hypothesized quick fix for depression; half received one intravenous dose of placebo. The researchers hypothesized that individuals who received the ketamine would show a larger improvement in depression than individuals who received the placebo. The researchers found that more ofthe patients who received ketamine improved, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, usually in less than 2 hours, than patients on placebo. They concluded that ketamine significantly improves depression compared to a placebo. If the researchers were incorrect in their decision, what kind of error did they make? Explain. Type I error; this would mean the researchers had concluded the drug was not effective, but in reality, the new drug did cause a difference in depression symptoms. Type II error; this would mean the researchers had concluded the drug was not effective, but in reality. the new drug did cause a difference in depression symptoms. Type II error; this would mean the researchers had concluded the drug was effective, but in reality, the new drug did not cause a difference in depression symptoms. Type I error; this would mean the researchers had concluded the drug was effective, but in reality, the new drug did not cause a difference in depression symptoms. A researcher is interested in comparing reaction time differences between men and women. He obtains a sample of 45 students from a psychology student research database. Participants take part in the study, the data are later analyzed, and the researcher concludes that women have faster reaction times compared to men. What type of sampling strategy was used in this study? population sampling Uuesmhpm random sampling convenience sampling Question 12 You are playing with a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Each time you draw one card from the deck and then you put the card back and reshuffle the deck before choosing another card. Drawing a card from the deck is a(n) trial success Outcome You are playing with a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Each time you draw one card from the deck, and then you put the card back, and reshuffle the deck before choosing another card. What is the probability of drawing the queen of hearts? {report a number rounded to the nearest two decimal places, but not a fraction) Question 14 You are playing with a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Each time you draw one card from the deck, and then you put the card back, and reshuffle the deck before choosing another card. What is the probability of selecting an Ace, 2, or 3? {report a number rounded to the nearest two decimal places, but not a fraction) Question 15 Imagine that you are playing darts. Over three days of play, you throw the darts 503 times as you attempt to hit a bullseye. 74 of your attempts hit a bullseye, however, 18 of your attempts miss the dart board entirely. What is the probability, in the long run, of hitting a bullseye or missing the dart board entirely? {report a number rounded to the nearest two decimal places, but not a fraction) 0.04l