Question 1: Referring to the diagram shown in figure 1 (a), explain how to design a model- based observer to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion battery. Then use the first-order RC model as shown in figure 1 (b) to deduce the state-space function and design a commonly-used observer (clarify the fundamental equations) for SOC estimation.

Question 1: Referring to the diagram shown in figure 1 (a), explain how to design a model- based observer to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion battery. Then use the first-order RC model as shown in figure 1 (b) to deduce the state-space function and design a commonly-used observer (clarify the fundamental equations) for SOC estimation. Current Tenperature Battery Data collection Measured tagal Kalman fer ET Initial value posenberger Probe Siding mode Battery model Ste-pace equation Estimated tape V. V (a) (b) Figure 1 Question 1: Referring to the diagram shown in figure 1 (a), explain how to design a model- based observer to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion battery. Then use the first-order RC model as shown in figure 1 (b) to deduce the state-space function and design a commonly used observer (clarify the fundamental equations) for SOC estimation. Current Temperature Battery Data collection RO Measured voltagel IL + Emor Kalman filters Initial value Sostituenbergen Pobserver Sliding mode observer VOC V Battery model State-space equation Estimated voltage 7 (a) (b) Rp RS IL + + VOC + Vp V. (b) Current, Temperature Battery Data collection Measured voltageV cell OHIWW + Error Kalman filters Initial value SoC estimationLuenberger/PV/Hooobserver Sliding mode observer Battery model State-space equation Rat Estimated voltage V 0, U-14R - U cell (a) a Question 1: Referring to the diagram shown in figure 1 (a), explain how to design a model- based observer to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion battery. Then use the first-order RC model as shown in figure 1 (b) to deduce the state-space function and design a commonly-used observer (clarify the fundamental equations) for SOC estimation. Current Tenperature Battery Data collection Measured tagal Kalman fer ET Initial value posenberger Probe Siding mode Battery model Ste-pace equation Estimated tape V. V (a) (b) Figure 1 Question 1: Referring to the diagram shown in figure 1 (a), explain how to design a model- based observer to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion battery. Then use the first-order RC model as shown in figure 1 (b) to deduce the state-space function and design a commonly used observer (clarify the fundamental equations) for SOC estimation. Current Temperature Battery Data collection RO Measured voltagel IL + Emor Kalman filters Initial value Sostituenbergen Pobserver Sliding mode observer VOC V Battery model State-space equation Estimated voltage 7 (a) (b) Rp RS IL + + VOC + Vp V. (b) Current, Temperature Battery Data collection Measured voltageV cell OHIWW + Error Kalman filters Initial value SoC estimationLuenberger/PV/Hooobserver Sliding mode observer Battery model State-space equation Rat Estimated voltage V 0, U-14R - U cell (a) a