QUESTION 1 TUNNELLING (DEVELOPMENT) [32] 1.1 As per the Mine Health and Safety Act, explain what is meant by a winze. (2) 1.2 Winzing is not a popular method of development and wherever possible, it is avoided in favour of raising. Justify this statement. (6) 1.3 Sketch an orepass layout design for ultra-deep mines according to the best practices recommended by Vieira and Durrheim (2005). (6) 1.4 Discuss the design guidelines followed when designing the proposed layout in question 1.3. Hint: refer to Stacey and Erasmus (2005). (10) 1.5 Name two techniques of raising steep tunnels and list the methods that fall under each technique. Hint: Two levels techniques: Drop raising. (8)