Question 18 (2.5 points) Many Americans are afraid to change jobs for fear of being without insurance coverage, and this leads to Question 18 options:

collusion

job-lock

a moral hazard

noncompliance Question 19 (2.5 points) Which of the following is a well-known form of achieving greater efficiency in insurance markets? Question 19 options:

Experience rating

Community rating

Selective contracting

Value-based purchasing Question 20 (2.5 points) Why does universal coverage require efficient use of inputs? Question 20 options:

It needs to account for the adjusted community rate.

It would be against the law to do otherwise.

It needs to drastically reduce the rate of morbidity.

It needs to assure that a core set of services is available to all in the society. Question 21 (2.5 points) Under which U.S. president did Medicaid and Medicare become incorporated into the Social Security Act? Question 21 options:

Roosevelt

Truman

Johnson

Obama Question 22 (2.5 points) Some analysts and politicians focus on which of the following as the deserving segments of society for reform goals? Question 22 options:

The growing proportion of those who are insured but denied care

The wealthy and middle-class

The poor and the elderly

The chronically ill Question 23 (2.5 points) Critiques of a healthcare system usually subject it to which two criteria? Question 23 options:

Efficiency and equity

Vertical and horizontal integration

Fixed and variable costs

Risk-averse and risk-neutral Question 24 (2.5 points) With a _______ provision, the consumer pays a fixed percentage of the expense at each medical visit. Question 24 options:

copayment

deductible

premium

coinsurance Question 25 (2.5 points) Which of the following initiatives proved inadequate in reducing the incidence and prevalence of chronic disease in most countries? Question 25 options:

Education

Nutrition incentives

Free healthcare

Surveillance Question 26 (2.5 points) _______ markets have a few dominant firms and many small firms with little market power. Question 26 options:

Fee-for-service

Not-for-profit

selective contracting

Monopolistically competitive Question 27 (2.5 points) The most common connotation of scaling up of international health is the expansion of Question 27 options:

human capital.

perfect competition.

international health interventions.

life expectancies Question 28 (2.5 points) A _______ is a location where healthier foods aren't available. Question 28 options:

food desert

common pool

social cost

shortage Question 29 (2.5 points) Experience rating removes the incentive to _______, the practice whereby insurance companies select out healthier clients. Question 29 options:

churn

price-fixing

game

cream skim Question 30 (2.5 points) According to a study of 11 countries by Schoen and colleagues, the _______ system was in the greatest need of reform, especially concerning the health disparities related to socioeconomic status and financial access to care. Question 30 options:

United States

United Kingdom

Germany

Thailand Question 31 (2.5 points) Much of the interest in health system strengthening, or health system development, is from _______ organizations. Question 31 options:

national

international

decentralized

thirty-party Question 32 (2.5 points) Which healthcare system is characterized by universal coverage funded out of general taxation? Question 32 options:

Social insurance model

Private insurance model

Consumer sovereignty model

National Health Service model Question 33 (2.5 points) Some economists have advocated for a combination of _______ and personal medical savings accounts. Question 33 options:

public sector crowd out

catastrophic coverage

fee-for-service payments

discharge planning Question 34 (2.5 points) Which of the following is a characteristic of the German healthcare system? Question 34 options:

Private production of healthcare services

Global budgets for hospitals

Provider reimbursement via many types of payers

Regulated global budgets and fees for healthcare providers Question 35 (2.5 points) What's the first stage of the development and diffusion of medical technology that's defined as original investigation for the advancement of scientific knowledge without specific commercial objectives? Question 35 options:

Applied research

Clinical investigation and testing

Basic research

Diffusion and imitation Question 36 (2.5 points) What may explain the unwillingness to sustain the agenda of building the health systems? Question 36 options:

Global financial crises

Value-drive healthcare

X-inefficiency

Evidence-based medicine