Question 3 (13 points) You are engaged by the owner of a small firm to recommend a one-year compensation contract for the firm's top manager. The owner is concerned about cash flow and feels that, in previous years, the manager may have been shirking. You ascertain that, if the manager works hard (a1), the firm's ultimate cash flow from current year operations will be one of $225 or $100 (before manager compensation) with probability of 0.6, 0.4, respectively. If the manager shirks (a2), cash flow will be $225 or $100 with probability 0.2, 0.8, respectively. Cash flow, however, will not be known until after the manager's one-year contract has expired. As an expert in GAAP, you know that if cash flow is going to be $225, net income for the year will be $300 with probability 0.7 and $50 with probability 0.3. If cash flow is going to be $100, net income will be $300 with probability 0.2 and $50 with probability 0.8. You recommend that manager's contract be based on reported net income. You interview the manager and find that he is rational, risk-averse, and effort-averse with disutility of effort of 2.5 if he works hard and 1.8 if he shirks. The manager's reservation utility, net of disutility of effort, is 4. Required: 1. What percentage of net income must the manager be offered so that he will accept the contract and work hard? (8 marks) 2. The owner is risk-neutral, with utility equal to the dollar amount of the payoff, net of the manager's compensation. Given that the manager also will receive a fixed salary of $42.25 for the period, what is the agency cost of the contract in part 1. Show your calculations