QUESTION 3 [30 Marks]

Precise descriptions of phenomena and the relationships between the variables underpinning such phenomena are best achieved through measurement - the process of mapping empirical phenomenon onto a system of numbers. Variables of different levels of measurement contain different amounts of information. That is why every statistical process starts with a recognition of the appropriate level of measurement of the variable. Therefore, an informed understanding the level of measurement of a variable or a construct is important for selecting an appropriate statistical technique for quantitative data analysis (Babbie, Halley and Zaino, 2018).

In light of the observation above, discuss the FOUR (4) levels or scales of measurement commonly used in research. In your discussion, provide a brief discussion of the representational models of measurement and for each of the four levels of measurement discussed, provide an appropriate example.