Question 3:

A researcher wanted to find out whether the stereotyped view of female emotionality is actually verified by psychological research. She found 20 different research studies on the issue published between 1984 and 1988. Each study examined some specific situation in which either males or females were observed to be quite emotional or unemotional. By scrutinizing the collective results of all 20 studies, she hoped to gain a more complete picture of the relationship between gender and emotionality. The results of the 20 studies are presented below:

Study # Were the subjects women? Were the subjects emotional?

1 Yes Yes

2 Yes Yes

3 No Yes

4 Yes Yes

5 Yes Yes

6 Yes Yes

7 No Yes

8 No No

9 Yes Yes

10 Yes No

11 Yes Yes

12 Yes Yes

13 No Yes

14 Yes No

15 Yes Yes

16 Yes No

17 Yes Yes

18 Yes Yes

19 Yes No

20 Yes Yes

Considering the above, is ability to predict the outcome of a study about emotionality aided by the knowing whether the subjects were women or men? In other words, in these 20 studies, were women more or less likely to be emotional than men? Regardless of your own personal ideas about female emotionality, what do you think the researcher found?