Question 3 Vaughn Design Inc. (VD) is a privately owned business that provides interior decorating options for consumers. VD follows ASPE. The software that it purchased six years ago to present clients with designs that are unique to their offices is no longer state of the art, and VD has to make a decision on replacing its software. The company has two options: 1. Enter into a lease agreement with Precision Inc. whereby VD makes an upfront lease payment of $11,930 on January 1, 2021, and annual payments of $4,580 over the next five years on each December 31. At the end of the lease, VD has the option to buy the software for $5,015. The first annual lease payment is on December 31, 2021. 2. Enter into a lease agreement with Graphic Inc. on January 1, 2021, whereby VD makes five annual lease payments of $6,545, beginning on January 1, 2021. VD may purchase the software at the end of the lease period for $188. This is considered a bargain price compared with the offer of $5,015 in the proposal from Precision Inc. Under both options, the software will require annual upgrades that are expected to cost $1,504 per year. These upgrade costs are in addition to the lease payments that are required under the two independent options. Because this additional cost is the same under both options, VD has decided to ignore it in making its choice. The Precision agreement requires a licensing fee of $1,006 to be renewed annually. If VD decides on the Precision option, the licensing fee will be included in the annual lease payment of $4,580. Both Precision Inc. and Graphic Inc. offer software programs of similar quality and ease of use, and both provide adequate support and training. The software under each offer is expected to be used for up to eight years, although this depends to some extent on technological advances in future years. Both offers are equivalent in terms of the product and service. It is now early October 2020, and VD hopes to have the software in place by its fiscal year end of December 31, 2020. VD is currently working on preparing its third-quarter financial statements, which its bank is particularly interested in seeing in order to ensure that VD is respecting its debt to equity ratio covenant in its loan agreement with the bank. The interest rate on the bank loan, which is VD's only source of external financing, is 10% per year. VD would have preferred to be able to buy rather than lease the software, but the expected purchase price of $29,963 exceeds the limits that the bank set for VD's borrowing. Click here to view the factor table PRESENT VALUE OF AN ANNUITY DUE. Using tables, a financial calculator, or Excel functions, calculate the PV of the future minimum lease payments under each option. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answers to o decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Present Value Option 1 - Precision Inc. $ Option 2 - Graphic Inc. Determine the nature of the lease arrangement under each of the two lease options offered to VD and the corresponding accounting treatment that should be applied. The accounting treatment of the lease Option 1 - Precision Inc. Option 2 - Graphic Inc. EHITATSACHETS Prepare all necessary journal entries and adjusting journal entries for VD under the Precision Inc. option, from lease inception on January 1, 2021, through to December 31, 2021, excluding the $1,504 annual upgrade. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Jan. 1, 2021 Dec. 31, 2021 (To record payment of rent and operating expenses.) Dec 31, 2021 (To record expired rent.) Prepare an amortization schedule using Excel that would be suitable for the lease term in the Graphic Inc. option. (Round answers to o decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Annual Lease Payment Vaughn Design Inc. Lease Amortization Schedule with Graphic Inc. Interest Reduction on Unpaid of Lease Obligation Obligation Balance of Lease Obligation Date 1/1/21 1/1/21 1/1/22 1/1/23 1/1/24 1/1/25 1/1/26 S Prepare all necessary journal entries and adjusting journal entries for VD under Graphic's option, from lease inception on January 1, 2021, through to January 1, 2022, excluding the $1,504 annual upgrade. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Jan. 1, 2021 (To record inception of lease and first lease payment.) (To record interest.) (To record depreciation expense.) v (To record lease payment.) Summarize and contrast the effects on VD's financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2021, using the entries prepared in parts (b) and (d) above. Include in your summary the total differential cash outflows that would be made by VD during 2021 under each option. (If the cash flow is negative, please enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45)) Income statement effects Option No. 1 Operating Lease Option No. 2 Capital Lease $ Asset and liability balances Dec. 31, 2021 S Total cash inflows / (outflows) during 2021 Question 3 Vaughn Design Inc. (VD) is a privately owned business that provides interior decorating options for consumers. VD follows ASPE. The software that it purchased six years ago to present clients with designs that are unique to their offices is no longer state of the art, and VD has to make a decision on replacing its software. The company has two options: 1. Enter into a lease agreement with Precision Inc. whereby VD makes an upfront lease payment of $11,930 on January 1, 2021, and annual payments of $4,580 over the next five years on each December 31. At the end of the lease, VD has the option to buy the software for $5,015. The first annual lease payment is on December 31, 2021. 2. Enter into a lease agreement with Graphic Inc. on January 1, 2021, whereby VD makes five annual lease payments of $6,545, beginning on January 1, 2021. VD may purchase the software at the end of the lease period for $188. This is considered a bargain price compared with the offer of $5,015 in the proposal from Precision Inc. Under both options, the software will require annual upgrades that are expected to cost $1,504 per year. These upgrade costs are in addition to the lease payments that are required under the two independent options. Because this additional cost is the same under both options, VD has decided to ignore it in making its choice. The Precision agreement requires a licensing fee of $1,006 to be renewed annually. If VD decides on the Precision option, the licensing fee will be included in the annual lease payment of $4,580. Both Precision Inc. and Graphic Inc. offer software programs of similar quality and ease of use, and both provide adequate support and training. The software under each offer is expected to be used for up to eight years, although this depends to some extent on technological advances in future years. Both offers are equivalent in terms of the product and service. It is now early October 2020, and VD hopes to have the software in place by its fiscal year end of December 31, 2020. VD is currently working on preparing its third-quarter financial statements, which its bank is particularly interested in seeing in order to ensure that VD is respecting its debt to equity ratio covenant in its loan agreement with the bank. The interest rate on the bank loan, which is VD's only source of external financing, is 10% per year. VD would have preferred to be able to buy rather than lease the software, but the expected purchase price of $29,963 exceeds the limits that the bank set for VD's borrowing. Click here to view the factor table PRESENT VALUE OF AN ANNUITY DUE. Using tables, a financial calculator, or Excel functions, calculate the PV of the future minimum lease payments under each option. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answers to o decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Present Value Option 1 - Precision Inc. $ Option 2 - Graphic Inc. Determine the nature of the lease arrangement under each of the two lease options offered to VD and the corresponding accounting treatment that should be applied. The accounting treatment of the lease Option 1 - Precision Inc. Option 2 - Graphic Inc. EHITATSACHETS Prepare all necessary journal entries and adjusting journal entries for VD under the Precision Inc. option, from lease inception on January 1, 2021, through to December 31, 2021, excluding the $1,504 annual upgrade. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Jan. 1, 2021 Dec. 31, 2021 (To record payment of rent and operating expenses.) Dec 31, 2021 (To record expired rent.) Prepare an amortization schedule using Excel that would be suitable for the lease term in the Graphic Inc. option. (Round answers to o decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Annual Lease Payment Vaughn Design Inc. Lease Amortization Schedule with Graphic Inc. Interest Reduction on Unpaid of Lease Obligation Obligation Balance of Lease Obligation Date 1/1/21 1/1/21 1/1/22 1/1/23 1/1/24 1/1/25 1/1/26 S Prepare all necessary journal entries and adjusting journal entries for VD under Graphic's option, from lease inception on January 1, 2021, through to January 1, 2022, excluding the $1,504 annual upgrade. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Jan. 1, 2021 (To record inception of lease and first lease payment.) (To record interest.) (To record depreciation expense.) v (To record lease payment.) Summarize and contrast the effects on VD's financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2021, using the entries prepared in parts (b) and (d) above. Include in your summary the total differential cash outflows that would be made by VD during 2021 under each option. (If the cash flow is negative, please enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45)) Income statement effects Option No. 1 Operating Lease Option No. 2 Capital Lease $ Asset and liability balances Dec. 31, 2021 S Total cash inflows / (outflows) during 2021