Question:

For the study described below, identify the:

• Factors(independent variables) and thenumber oflevelsof each factor:
• Thenature ofEACHfactor(eitherwithin-orbetween-subjects):
• Thedependent variable (DV):

Grad students in a cognitive mapping study are asked to use a direction finder to point accurately to three unseen locations that differ in distance from the lab. One is a nearby campus location, one is a nearby city, and the third is a distant city. Half of the participants perform the task in a windowless room with a compass indicating the direction of north. The remaining participants perform the task in the same room without a compass.