Question: How do the principles of waste minimization contribute to reducing environmental pollution and conserving resources in chemical engineering?

a$)$ By maximizing the production of waste materials to utilize all available resources.

b$)$ By optimizing chemical reactions to minimize the generation of by$-$products and hazardous substances.

c$)$ By increasing the disposal of waste materials in landfills to free up space for other pollutants.

d$)$ By ignoring environmental concerns to prioritize economic profitability in chemical processes.