Question one fill in the blanks:

1. In BUS topology, at each end of the bus is a ____________, which absorbs any signal, removing it from the bus.
2. The two alternatives for the operation of the central node in STAR topology are: __________ and ___________.
3. In Ring Topology, the links are _____________; that is, data are transmitted in __________ direction only and all are oriented in the same way
4. In _______________ LAN, each node gets a chance to access the medium by rotation.
5. To achieve stability in CSMA/CD back off scheme, a technique known as ______________ is used
6. ______________________ control all other station in the network.
7. ______________ is suitable for use in star and ring topologies
8. Coaxial cable is suitable for use in __________ topology.
9. A collection of computer networks interconnected together __________________
10. A network in which small chunks of data are passed through the network from node to node, and at each node the entire data chunk is received, stored briefly, and then transmitted to the next node ___________________________________
11. This protocol model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization as a model for a computer protocol architecture and as a framework for developing protocol standards. _______________________
12. Used to connect different types of networks. ________________________
13. The term that refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment is_____________________
14. Group functions with similar purpose, and put them on top of each from bottom to top. ______________
15. A set of rules that governs communication between two network protocols in the same level and is implemented as software._ __________________
16. Allow many devices to share the same medium. _____________________
17. _________________________ creates one big collision domain and one large broadcast domain
18. ________________________Protocol sets up a virtual circuit before transmitting any data. This creates a reliable session and is known as a connection-oriented session.
19. _______________________protocol can also stand as a watchdog over the network, quickly notifying managers of any sudden turn of events.
20. __________________________creates many smaller collision domains but the network is still one large broadcast domain.
21. _____________ Protocol also allows for access to both directories and files and can accomplish certain types of directory operations, like relocating into different ones.
22. ________ protocol is used to send mail;

23. Every Ethernet NIC must have a unique address which is known as _____________________.
24. How many bits define a hardware address? ______________
25. ________________________ Protocol is used at the Transport layer to provide a connectionless service.
26. _________________ is used to determine the designated port on a bridge?
27. ____________ ia protocol works at the Transport layer and provides virtual circuits between hosts?
28. Put the following in order of de-encapsulation, Packets , Frames , Bits, Segments