Questions:

Consider the following share repurchase proposal: Blaine will use $209 million of cash from its balance sheet and $50 million in new debt-bearing interest at the rate of 6.75% to repurchase 14.0 million shares at a price of $18.50 per share.

How would such a buyback affect Blaine? Answer the questions by following the steps described below.

1. What are the effects of the proposed repurchases on BKI financial statements (Consider only in year 2006)?

   1. On the balance sheet?

   2. On the income statement?

   3. On leverage (D/E ratio and interest coverage ratio), liquidity, EPS, and ROE? How would that compare with its peer firms?

2. Does the proposed repo create any value? How? (Hint: What is the interest tax shields in one year, and in perpetuity?)

3. What are the costs of the proposed repo? (Hint: the cost of financial distress (or bankruptcy cost), define what it is and how it is calculated. How will it change under the proposed repo?)

Blaine Kitchenware, Inc.: Capital Structure On April 27, 2007, Victor Dubinski, CEO of Blaine Kitchenware, Inc. (BKI), sat in his office reflecting on a meeting he had had with an investment banker earlier in the week. The banker, whom Dubinski had known for years, asked for the meeting after a group of private equity investors made discreet inquiries about a possible acquisition of Blaine. Although Blaine was a public company, a majority of its shares were controlled by family members descended from the firm's founders together with various family trusts. Family interests were strongly represented on the board of directors as well. Dubinski knew the family had no current interest in selling-on the contrary, Blaine was interested in acquiring other companies in the kitchen appliances spaceso this overture, like a few others before it, would be politely rebuffed. Nevertheless, Dubinski was struck by the banker's assertion that a private equity buyer could "unlock" value inherent in Blaine's strong operations and balance sheet. Using cash on Blaine's balance sheet and new borrowings, a private equity firm could purchase all of Blaine's outstanding shares at a price higher than $16.25 per share, its current stock price. It would then repay the debt over time using the company's future earnings. When the banker pointed out that BKI itself could do the same thingborrow money to buy back its own sharesDubinski had asked, But why would we do that? The banker's response was blunt: Because you're over-liquid and under-levered. Your shareholders are paying a price for that. In the days since the meeting, Dubinski's thoughts kept returning to a share repurchase. How many shares could be bought? At what price? Would it sap Blaine's financial strength? Or prevent it from making future acquisitions? Blaine Kitchenware's Business Blaine Kitchenware was a mid-sized producer of branded small appliances primarily used in residential kitchens. Originally founded as The Blaine Electrical Apparatus Company in 1927, it produced then-novel electric home appliances, such as irons, vacuum cleaners, waffle irons, and cream separators, which were touted as modern, clean, and easier to use than counterparts fueled by oil, coal, gas, or by hand. By 2006, the company's products consisted of a wide range of small kitchen appliances used for food and beverage preparation and for cooking, including several branded lines of deep fryers, griddles, waffle irons, toasters, small ovens, blenders, mixers, pressure cookers, steamers, slow cookers, shredders and slicers, and coffee makers. Blaine had just under 10% of the $2.3 billion U.S. market for small kitchen appliances. For the period 2003-2006 the industry posted modest annual unit sales growth of 2% despite positive market conditions including a strong housing market, growth in affluent householders, and product innovations. Competition from inexpensive imports and aggressive pricing by mass merchandisers limited industry dollar volume growth to just 3.5% annually over that same period. Historically, the industry had been fragmented, but it had recently experienced some consolidation that many participants expected to continue. In recent years, Blaine had been expanding into forcign markets Nevertheless in 2006, 65% of its revenue was generated from shipments to US. wholesalers and retailers, with the balance coming from sales to Canada, Europe, and Central and South America. The company shipped approximately 14 million units a year. There were three major segments in the small kitchen appliance industry: food preparation appliances, cooking appliances, and beverage-making appliances. Blaine produced product for all three, but the majority of its revenues came from cooking appliances and food preparation appliances. Its market share of beverage-making appliances was only 2%. Most of BKI's appliances retailed at medium price points at or just below products offered by the best-known national brands BKI's market research consistently showed that the Blaine brand was well-known and well-regarded by consumers. It was associated somewhat with "nostalgia and the creation of "familiar, wholemme dishes Recently, Blaine had introduced some goods with "smart" technology features and sleeker styling targeting higher-end consumers and intended to compete at higher price points. This strategy was in response to increased competition from Asian imports and private label product. The majority of BKi's products were distributed via a network of wholesalers, which supplied mass merchandisers and department stores, but its upper-tier products were sold directly to specialty retailers and catalogue companies. Regardless of the distribution channel, BKI offered consumers standard warranty terms of 90 days to one year, depending on the appliance. Blaine's monthly sales reached a seasonal peak during October and November as retailers increased stock in anticipation of the holiday season. A smaller peak occurred in May and June cinciding with Mother's Day, a summer surge in weddings, and the seasonal peak in home purchases. Historically, sales of Blaine appliances had been cyclical as well, tending to track overall macroeconomic activity. This also was the case for the industry as a whole; in particular, changes in appliance sales were correlated with changes in housing sales and in home renovative and household formation BKI owned and operated a small factory in Minnesota that produced cast iron parts with specialty coatings for certain of its cookware offerings Otherwise, however, Blaine, like most companies in the appliance industry, outsourced its production. In 2006 BKI had suppliers and contract manufacturers in China, Vietnam, Canada, and Mexico Victor Dubinski was a great-grandson of one of the founders. An engineer by training, Dubinski served in the U.S. Navy after graduating from college in 1970. After his discharge, he worked for a large aerospace and defense contractor until joining the family business in 1981 as head of operations, He was elected to the board of directors in 1988 and became Blaine's CEO in 1992, succeeding his uncle, following the IPO. Second, beginning in the 1990s, Blaine gradually moved its production abroad. The company began by taking advantage of NAFTA, engaging suppliers and performing some manufacturing in Mexico. By 2006, EKI also had established relationships with several Asian manufacturers, and the large majority of its production took place outside the United States. Finally, BKI had undertaken a strategy focused on reunding out and complementing its product offerings by acquiring small independent manutacturers or the kitchen appliance product lines of large diversified manufacturers. The company carefully followed changes in customer purchasing behavior and market trends. Victor Dubinski and the board were eager to continue what they believed had been a fruitful strategy. The company was particularly keen to increase its presence in the beverage appliance segment, which demonstrated the strongest growth and where BKI was weakest. Thus far, all acquisitions had been for cash or DKI slock. , Financial Performance During the year ended December 31, 2006, Blaine earned net income of $53.6 million on revenue of S342 million Exhibits 1 and 2 present the company's recent financial statements. Approximately 85% of Blaine's revenue and 80% of its operating income came from the sale of mid-tier products, with the line of higher-end gods accounting for the remainder. The company's 2006 EBITDA margin of nearly 22% was among the strongest within the peer group shown in Exhibit 3. Despite its recent shift toward higher end product lines, Blaine's operating margins had decreased slightly over the last three years. Margins declined due to integration costs and inventory write-downs associated with recent acquisitions. Now that integration activities were completed, BKI executives expected the firm to achieve operating margins at least as high as its historical margins. The U.S. industry as a whole faced considerable pressure from imports and private label products, as well as a shift in consumer purchasing preferences favoring larger, "big box" retailers. In response, some of Blaine's more aggressive rivals were cutting prices to maintain sales growth. Blaine had not followed suit and its organic revenue growth had suffered in recent years, as some of its cure products lost market share. Growth in Blaine's top line was attributable almost exclusively to acquisitions Despite the company's profitability, returns to shareholders had been somewhat below average. Blaine's retum on equity (ROE), shown below, was significantly below that of its publicly traded peers. Moreover, its earnings per share had fallen significantly since 2004, partly due to dilutive acquisitions. Companies Home & Hearth Tesign AutoTech Appliances XQL Corp Hunkerhill Incorporated Easy Living Systems Mean Median Blaine 2006 ROE 11.3%. 43.1% 19.5% 41.7%. % 113.99 25.99% 19,5% 11.0% Under Dubinski's leadership, Blaine operated much as it always had, with three notable exceptions. First, the company completed an IPO in 1994. This provided a measure of liquidity for certain of the founders' descendants who, collectively, owned 62% of the outstanding shares ROE is competed here as net income dided by end-of-pened book equity During 2004-2006, compounded annual returns for BKI shareholders, including dividends and stock price appreciation, were approximately 11% per year. This was higher than the S&P 500, which returned approximately 10% per year. However, it was well below the 10% annual compounded return earned by shareholders of Blaine's peer group during the same period Financial Policies Blaine's financial posture was conservative and very much in keeping with BKI's long standing practice and, indeed, with its management style generally. Only twice in its history had the company borrowed beyond seasonal working capital needs. The first time was during World War II, when it borrowed from the US government to retol several factories for war production. The second time was during the first oil shock of the 1970s. On both occasions the debt was repaid as quickly as possible. At the end of 2006, Blaine's balance sheet was the strongest in the industry. Not only was it debe- free, but the company also held $231 million in cash and securities at the end of 2006, down from $286 million two years earlier. Given such substantial liquidity, Blaine had terminated in 2002 a revolving credit agreement designed to provide standby credit for seasonal needs, the CFO argued that the fees were a waste of money and Dubinski agreed. In recent years the company's largest uses of cash had been common dividends and cash consideration paid in various acquisitions. Dividends per share had risen only modestly during 2004-2006; however, as the company issued new shares in connection with some of its acquisitions, the number of shares outstanding climbed, and the payout ratio rose significantly, to more than 50% in 2006. Reassessing Financial Policies in 2007 In 2007 Blaine planned to continue its policy of holding prices firm in the face of competitive pressures. Consequently, its managers were expecting top line growth of only 3% for fiscal year 2007 However, this growth rate assumed no acquisitions would be made in 2007, unlike the previous two years. While the board remained receptive to opportunities, Dubinski and his team had no target in mind as yet at the end of April As he reflected on the possibility of repurchasing stock, Dubinski understoxid that he could consider such a move only in conjunction with all of BKI's financial policies: its liquidity, capital structure, dividend policy, ownership structure, and acquisition plans. In acklition, he wondered about timing. Blaine's stock price was not far off its all-time high. yet ils performance clearly lagged that of its peers. A summary of contemporaneos financial market information is provided in Exhibit 1 Dubinski had begun to suspect that family members on the board would welcome some of the possible effects of a large share repurchase. Assuming that family members held on to their shares, their percentage ownership of Blaine would rise, reversing a downward trend dating from BKI'S IPO It also would give the board more flexibility in setting future dividends per share. Both Dubinski and the board knew that the recent trend in BKI's payout ratio was unsustainable and that this concerned some family members. On the other hand, a large repurchase might be unpopular if it forced Blaine to give up its war chest and/or discontinue its acquisition activity. Perhaps even more unsettling it would cause Blaine to borrow money. The company would be paying significant interest expense for only the third time in its history. As Dubinski turned his chair to face the window, he glanced at the framed photo behind his desk of his great grandfather, Marcus Blaine, demonstrating the company's first cream separator its best-selling product during Blaine's first decade. A rcal Blaine Electrical Cream Separatur sat in a glass case in the corner; the last one had been manufactured in 1949, Net income Dividends Average shares outstanding Earnings per share Dividend per share Layout ratio 2001 S53,112 S 14,589 41,319 $129 2005 $ 52,435 $ 22.871 48,970 $ 1.07 $ 11:47 13.6% 2006 S.3630 S28,345 59,182 $ 0.91 $ 0.48 52.94 35.0% The next largest use of funds was capital expenditures, which were modest due to Blaine's extensive outsourcing of its manufacturing. Average capital expenditures during the past three years were just over $10 million per year. While they were expected to remain modest, future expenditures would be driven in part by the extent and nature of Blaine's future acquisitions. In recent years, after-tax cash generated from operations had been more than four times average capital expenditures and rising, as shown in the table below. AVG EHITDA Less: Taxes After-Tax Operating Cash Flow 2004 569570 24,989 44,390 2005 S68,895 2.1,303 44,592 2004 573,860 23,821 50,0039 46,337 Exhibiti Blaine Kitchenware, Inc. Income Statements, years ended December 31, (Sin Thousands) Exhibit 2 Blaine Kitchenware, Inc Balance Sheels, December 31, (S in Thousands) 2006 2004 2005 2014 5291,910 2006 5 66,557 164, Operating Results Revenue less Cost of Goods Sald Gross Profit Less: Selling, General & Administrative Operating Income T'lus: Depreciation & Amortization FRITDA 17.676 25.293 62,383 6.987 2005 $307,964 220.234 87,731 27,019 60.682 8.213 68,895 $342.251 249.294 42,45 28,512 63,946 9,914 73,860 Assets Cash & Cash Equivalents Marketable Securities Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Current Assets Total Current Assets $67,391 218 403 40,79 47,262 2.586 376,351 S 20.893 19,73 43,235 49.728 3.871 361,119 48,70 54874 5.157 339,678 69,370 62.33 15,719 FRIT Plus: Other Income (expense) Faming Before Tax Less: Taxes Net Income Dividends 61,682 16.057 76,738 24.303 52,435 $22.871 63,946 13,506 77,451 23.821 53,631 $28,345 Property, Plant & Equipment Goodwill Other Assels Total Assets 99 402 8,134 13,331 $197,212 138,516 20.439 27,524 $550,529 78,101 24,989 13,112 $ 18.599 174,321 39,241 79,973 $592 253 S29 Margins Revenue Growth Gross Margin EBIT Margin EBITDA Margin Effective Tax Rate Net Income Margin Dividend payout ratio 3.2%. 30.0% 21.1% 23.8% 32.0% 18.2% % 35.0% 5.5% 28.5% 19.7% 22.4% 317 17.0%. 13.6% 11.14 27.0 16.7% 21.6% 30.8% 15.7% Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity Accounts Payable Accrued Liabilities Taxes Payable Total Current Liabilities Other abilities Deferred Taxes Total Liabilities Shareholders' quity Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity $ 26,106 22.6015 14,225 62,935 7,794 15,111 79,840 417.32% 5197,217 17,196 70,705 3.151 18,434 $31.47 27,761 16,894 76,581 4814 22,495 103,890 488,363 5592,253 5550,829 aine's future tax rate was expected to rise to the statutory rate af 40% Notc. Many items in BKI's historical balance sheets (eg, l'roperty, l'any & Equipment) have been affected by the firm's acquista Exhibit 3 Selected Operating and Financial Data for Public Kitchenware Producers, 12 months ended December 31, 2006, ($ in Thousands) Revenue EBIT EBITDA Net income Home & Hearth Design $589,747 106,763 119,190 $ 53,698 Auto Tech Appliances $18,080,000 $ 2,505,200 3,055,200 $1,416,012 XQL Corp. $4,313,300 721,297 796,497 $ 412,307 Bunkerhill, Inc. $3,671,100 566,099 610,399 $ 335,073 Easy Living Systems $ 188,955 19,613 23,356 $ 13,173 Blaine Kitchenware $ 342,251 63,946 73,860 $ 53,630 Cash & securities Net working capital Net fixed assets Total assets $ 21,495 54,316 900,803 $ 976,613 $ 536,099 1,247,520 7,463,564 $9,247,183 $ 21,425 353,691 3,322,837 $3,697,952 $ 153,680 334,804 815,304 $1,303,788 $ 242,102 21,220 68,788 $ 332,110 $ 230,866 32,231 174,321 $ 592,253 $(230,866) Net debt Total debt Book equity $ 350,798 372,293 $4,437,314 4,973,413 3,283,000 $ 950,802 972,227 2,109,400 $ 238,056 391,736 804,400 $ (64,800) 177,302 94,919 475,377 488,363 Market capitalization Enterprise value (MVIC) 776,427 $1,127,226 13,978,375 $18,415,689 5,290,145 $6,240,947 3,962,780 $4,200,836 418,749 $ 353,949 959,596 $ 728,730 Equity beta 1.03 1.24 0.96 0.92 0.67 0.56 LTM Trading Multiples MVIC/Revenue MVIC/EBIT MVIC/EBITDA Market/Book equity 1.91% 10.56x 9.46 1.63x 1.02x 7.35x 6.03x 4.26x 1.45x 8.65x 7.84x 2.51x 1.14x 7.42x 6.88x 4.93x 1.87% 18.05x 15.15x 2.13x 11.40x 9.87x 4.41x 1.96x Net Debt/Equity Net Debt/Enterprise Value 45.18% 31.12% % 31.74% % 24.10% 17.97% 15.23% 6.01% 5.67% -15.47% -18.31% -24.06% -31.68% 4. Net working capital excludes cash and securities. a b. Net debt is total long-term and short-term debt less excess cash. b Exhibit 4 Contemporaneous Capital Market Data (April 21, 2007) Yields on U.S. Treasury Securities 30 days 60 days 90 days 1 year 5 years Maturity 4.55% 4.73% 4.91% 4.90% 4.91% 10 years 5.02% 5.26% 5.10% Seasoned corporate bond yields Moody's Aaa 5.88% 6.04% A 6.35% Baa 6.72% Ba 7.88% B 8.94% 20 years 30 years Default spread 0.86% 1.02% 1.33% 1.70% 2.86% 3.92% Blaine Kitchenware, Inc.: Capital Structure On April 27, 2007, Victor Dubinski, CEO of Blaine Kitchenware, Inc. (BKI), sat in his office reflecting on a meeting he had had with an investment banker earlier in the week. The banker, whom Dubinski had known for years, asked for the meeting after a group of private equity investors made discreet inquiries about a possible acquisition of Blaine. Although Blaine was a public company, a majority of its shares were controlled by family members descended from the firm's founders together with various family trusts. Family interests were strongly represented on the board of directors as well. Dubinski knew the family had no current interest in selling-on the contrary, Blaine was interested in acquiring other companies in the kitchen appliances spaceso this overture, like a few others before it, would be politely rebuffed. Nevertheless, Dubinski was struck by the banker's assertion that a private equity buyer could "unlock" value inherent in Blaine's strong operations and balance sheet. Using cash on Blaine's balance sheet and new borrowings, a private equity firm could purchase all of Blaine's outstanding shares at a price higher than $16.25 per share, its current stock price. It would then repay the debt over time using the company's future earnings. When the banker pointed out that BKI itself could do the same thingborrow money to buy back its own sharesDubinski had asked, But why would we do that? The banker's response was blunt: Because you're over-liquid and under-levered. Your shareholders are paying a price for that. In the days since the meeting, Dubinski's thoughts kept returning to a share repurchase. How many shares could be bought? At what price? Would it sap Blaine's financial strength? Or prevent it from making future acquisitions? Blaine Kitchenware's Business Blaine Kitchenware was a mid-sized producer of branded small appliances primarily used in residential kitchens. Originally founded as The Blaine Electrical Apparatus Company in 1927, it produced then-novel electric home appliances, such as irons, vacuum cleaners, waffle irons, and cream separators, which were touted as modern, clean, and easier to use than counterparts fueled by oil, coal, gas, or by hand. By 2006, the company's products consisted of a wide range of small kitchen appliances used for food and beverage preparation and for cooking, including several branded lines of deep fryers, griddles, waffle irons, toasters, small ovens, blenders, mixers, pressure cookers, steamers, slow cookers, shredders and slicers, and coffee makers. Blaine had just under 10% of the $2.3 billion U.S. market for small kitchen appliances. For the period 2003-2006 the industry posted modest annual unit sales growth of 2% despite positive market conditions including a strong housing market, growth in affluent householders, and product innovations. Competition from inexpensive imports and aggressive pricing by mass merchandisers limited industry dollar volume growth to just 3.5% annually over that same period. Historically, the industry had been fragmented, but it had recently experienced some consolidation that many participants expected to continue. In recent years, Blaine had been expanding into forcign markets Nevertheless in 2006, 65% of its revenue was generated from shipments to US. wholesalers and retailers, with the balance coming from sales to Canada, Europe, and Central and South America. The company shipped approximately 14 million units a year. There were three major segments in the small kitchen appliance industry: food preparation appliances, cooking appliances, and beverage-making appliances. Blaine produced product for all three, but the majority of its revenues came from cooking appliances and food preparation appliances. Its market share of beverage-making appliances was only 2%. Most of BKI's appliances retailed at medium price points at or just below products offered by the best-known national brands BKI's market research consistently showed that the Blaine brand was well-known and well-regarded by consumers. It was associated somewhat with "nostalgia and the creation of "familiar, wholemme dishes Recently, Blaine had introduced some goods with "smart" technology features and sleeker styling targeting higher-end consumers and intended to compete at higher price points. This strategy was in response to increased competition from Asian imports and private label product. The majority of BKi's products were distributed via a network of wholesalers, which supplied mass merchandisers and department stores, but its upper-tier products were sold directly to specialty retailers and catalogue companies. Regardless of the distribution channel, BKI offered consumers standard warranty terms of 90 days to one year, depending on the appliance. Blaine's monthly sales reached a seasonal peak during October and November as retailers increased stock in anticipation of the holiday season. A smaller peak occurred in May and June cinciding with Mother's Day, a summer surge in weddings, and the seasonal peak in home purchases. Historically, sales of Blaine appliances had been cyclical as well, tending to track overall macroeconomic activity. This also was the case for the industry as a whole; in particular, changes in appliance sales were correlated with changes in housing sales and in home renovative and household formation BKI owned and operated a small factory in Minnesota that produced cast iron parts with specialty coatings for certain of its cookware offerings Otherwise, however, Blaine, like most companies in the appliance industry, outsourced its production. In 2006 BKI had suppliers and contract manufacturers in China, Vietnam, Canada, and Mexico Victor Dubinski was a great-grandson of one of the founders. An engineer by training, Dubinski served in the U.S. Navy after graduating from college in 1970. After his discharge, he worked for a large aerospace and defense contractor until joining the family business in 1981 as head of operations, He was elected to the board of directors in 1988 and became Blaine's CEO in 1992, succeeding his uncle, following the IPO. Second, beginning in the 1990s, Blaine gradually moved its production abroad. The company began by taking advantage of NAFTA, engaging suppliers and performing some manufacturing in Mexico. By 2006, EKI also had established relationships with several Asian manufacturers, and the large majority of its production took place outside the United States. Finally, BKI had undertaken a strategy focused on reunding out and complementing its product offerings by acquiring small independent manutacturers or the kitchen appliance product lines of large diversified manufacturers. The company carefully followed changes in customer purchasing behavior and market trends. Victor Dubinski and the board were eager to continue what they believed had been a fruitful strategy. The company was particularly keen to increase its presence in the beverage appliance segment, which demonstrated the strongest growth and where BKI was weakest. Thus far, all acquisitions had been for cash or DKI slock. , Financial Performance During the year ended December 31, 2006, Blaine earned net income of $53.6 million on revenue of S342 million Exhibits 1 and 2 present the company's recent financial statements. Approximately 85% of Blaine's revenue and 80% of its operating income came from the sale of mid-tier products, with the line of higher-end gods accounting for the remainder. The company's 2006 EBITDA margin of nearly 22% was among the strongest within the peer group shown in Exhibit 3. Despite its recent shift toward higher end product lines, Blaine's operating margins had decreased slightly over the last three years. Margins declined due to integration costs and inventory write-downs associated with recent acquisitions. Now that integration activities were completed, BKI executives expected the firm to achieve operating margins at least as high as its historical margins. The U.S. industry as a whole faced considerable pressure from imports and private label products, as well as a shift in consumer purchasing preferences favoring larger, "big box" retailers. In response, some of Blaine's more aggressive rivals were cutting prices to maintain sales growth. Blaine had not followed suit and its organic revenue growth had suffered in recent years, as some of its cure products lost market share. Growth in Blaine's top line was attributable almost exclusively to acquisitions Despite the company's profitability, returns to shareholders had been somewhat below average. Blaine's retum on equity (ROE), shown below, was significantly below that of its publicly traded peers. Moreover, its earnings per share had fallen significantly since 2004, partly due to dilutive acquisitions. Companies Home & Hearth Tesign AutoTech Appliances XQL Corp Hunkerhill Incorporated Easy Living Systems Mean Median Blaine 2006 ROE 11.3%. 43.1% 19.5% 41.7%. % 113.99 25.99% 19,5% 11.0% Under Dubinski's leadership, Blaine operated much as it always had, with three notable exceptions. First, the company completed an IPO in 1994. This provided a measure of liquidity for certain of the founders' descendants who, collectively, owned 62% of the outstanding shares ROE is competed here as net income dided by end-of-pened book equity During 2004-2006, compounded annual returns for BKI shareholders, including dividends and stock price appreciation, were approximately 11% per year. This was higher than the S&P 500, which returned approximately 10% per year. However, it was well below the 10% annual compounded return earned by shareholders of Blaine's peer group during the same period Financial Policies Blaine's financial posture was conservative and very much in keeping with BKI's long standing practice and, indeed, with its management style generally. Only twice in its history had the company borrowed beyond seasonal working capital needs. The first time was during World War II, when it borrowed from the US government to retol several factories for war production. The second time was during the first oil shock of the 1970s. On both occasions the debt was repaid as quickly as possible. At the end of 2006, Blaine's balance sheet was the strongest in the industry. Not only was it debe- free, but the company also held $231 million in cash and securities at the end of 2006, down from $286 million two years earlier. Given such substantial liquidity, Blaine had terminated in 2002 a revolving credit agreement designed to provide standby credit for seasonal needs, the CFO argued that the fees were a waste of money and Dubinski agreed. In recent years the company's largest uses of cash had been common dividends and cash consideration paid in various acquisitions. Dividends per share had risen only modestly during 2004-2006; however, as the company issued new shares in connection with some of its acquisitions, the number of shares outstanding climbed, and the payout ratio rose significantly, to more than 50% in 2006. Reassessing Financial Policies in 2007 In 2007 Blaine planned to continue its policy of holding prices firm in the face of competitive pressures. Consequently, its managers were expecting top line growth of only 3% for fiscal year 2007 However, this growth rate assumed no acquisitions would be made in 2007, unlike the previous two years. While the board remained receptive to opportunities, Dubinski and his team had no target in mind as yet at the end of April As he reflected on the possibility of repurchasing stock, Dubinski understoxid that he could consider such a move only in conjunction with all of BKI's financial policies: its liquidity, capital structure, dividend policy, ownership structure, and acquisition plans. In acklition, he wondered about timing. Blaine's stock price was not far off its all-time high. yet ils performance clearly lagged that of its peers. A summary of contemporaneos financial market information is provided in Exhibit 1 Dubinski had begun to suspect that family members on the board would welcome some of the possible effects of a large share repurchase. Assuming that family members held on to their shares, their percentage ownership of Blaine would rise, reversing a downward trend dating from BKI'S IPO It also would give the board more flexibility in setting future dividends per share. Both Dubinski and the board knew that the recent trend in BKI's payout ratio was unsustainable and that this concerned some family members. On the other hand, a large repurchase might be unpopular if it forced Blaine to give up its war chest and/or discontinue its acquisition activity. Perhaps even more unsettling it would cause Blaine to borrow money. The company would be paying significant interest expense for only the third time in its history. As Dubinski turned his chair to face the window, he glanced at the framed photo behind his desk of his great grandfather, Marcus Blaine, demonstrating the company's first cream separator its best-selling product during Blaine's first decade. A rcal Blaine Electrical Cream Separatur sat in a glass case in the corner; the last one had been manufactured in 1949, Net income Dividends Average shares outstanding Earnings per share Dividend per share Layout ratio 2001 S53,112 S 14,589 41,319 $129 2005 $ 52,435 $ 22.871 48,970 $ 1.07 $ 11:47 13.6% 2006 S.3630 S28,345 59,182 $ 0.91 $ 0.48 52.94 35.0% The next largest use of funds was capital expenditures, which were modest due to Blaine's extensive outsourcing of its manufacturing. Average capital expenditures during the past three years were just over $10 million per year. While they were expected to remain modest, future expenditures would be driven in part by the extent and nature of Blaine's future acquisitions. In recent years, after-tax cash generated from operations had been more than four times average capital expenditures and rising, as shown in the table below. AVG EHITDA Less: Taxes After-Tax Operating Cash Flow 2004 569570 24,989 44,390 2005 S68,895 2.1,303 44,592 2004 573,860 23,821 50,0039 46,337 Exhibiti Blaine Kitchenware, Inc. Income Statements, years ended December 31, (Sin Thousands) Exhibit 2 Blaine Kitchenware, Inc Balance Sheels, December 31, (S in Thousands) 2006 2004 2005 2014 5291,910 2006 5 66,557 164, Operating Results Revenue less Cost of Goods Sald Gross Profit Less: Selling, General & Administrative Operating Income T'lus: Depreciation & Amortization FRITDA 17.676 25.293 62,383 6.987 2005 $307,964 220.234 87,731 27,019 60.682 8.213 68,895 $342.251 249.294 42,45 28,512 63,946 9,914 73,860 Assets Cash & Cash Equivalents Marketable Securities Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Current Assets Total Current Assets $67,391 218 403 40,79 47,262 2.586 376,351 S 20.893 19,73 43,235 49.728 3.871 361,119 48,70 54874 5.157 339,678 69,370 62.33 15,719 FRIT Plus: Other Income (expense) Faming Before Tax Less: Taxes Net Income Dividends 61,682 16.057 76,738 24.303 52,435 $22.871 63,946 13,506 77,451 23.821 53,631 $28,345 Property, Plant & Equipment Goodwill Other Assels Total Assets 99 402 8,134 13,331 $197,212 138,516 20.439 27,524 $550,529 78,101 24,989 13,112 $ 18.599 174,321 39,241 79,973 $592 253 S29 Margins Revenue Growth Gross Margin EBIT Margin EBITDA Margin Effective Tax Rate Net Income Margin Dividend payout ratio 3.2%. 30.0% 21.1% 23.8% 32.0% 18.2% % 35.0% 5.5% 28.5% 19.7% 22.4% 317 17.0%. 13.6% 11.14 27.0 16.7% 21.6% 30.8% 15.7% Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity Accounts Payable Accrued Liabilities Taxes Payable Total Current Liabilities Other abilities Deferred Taxes Total Liabilities Shareholders' quity Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity $ 26,106 22.6015 14,225 62,935 7,794 15,111 79,840 417.32% 5197,217 17,196 70,705 3.151 18,434 $31.47 27,761 16,894 76,581 4814 22,495 103,890 488,363 5592,253 5550,829 aine's future tax rate was expected to rise to the statutory rate af 40% Notc. Many items in BKI's historical balance sheets (eg, l'roperty, l'any & Equipment) have been affected by the firm's acquista Exhibit 3 Selected Operating and Financial Data for Public Kitchenware Producers, 12 months ended December 31, 2006, ($ in Thousands) Revenue EBIT EBITDA Net income Home & Hearth Design $589,747 106,763 119,190 $ 53,698 Auto Tech Appliances $18,080,000 $ 2,505,200 3,055,200 $1,416,012 XQL Corp. $4,313,300 721,297 796,497 $ 412,307 Bunkerhill, Inc. $3,671,100 566,099 610,399 $ 335,073 Easy Living Systems $ 188,955 19,613 23,356 $ 13,173 Blaine Kitchenware $ 342,251 63,946 73,860 $ 53,630 Cash & securities Net working capital Net fixed assets Total assets $ 21,495 54,316 900,803 $ 976,613 $ 536,099 1,247,520 7,463,564 $9,247,183 $ 21,425 353,691 3,322,837 $3,697,952 $ 153,680 334,804 815,304 $1,303,788 $ 242,102 21,220 68,788 $ 332,110 $ 230,866 32,231 174,321 $ 592,253 $(230,866) Net debt Total debt Book equity $ 350,798 372,293 $4,437,314 4,973,413 3,283,000 $ 950,802 972,227 2,109,400 $ 238,056 391,736 804,400 $ (64,800) 177,302 94,919 475,377 488,363 Market capitalization Enterprise value (MVIC) 776,427 $1,127,226 13,978,375 $18,415,689 5,290,145 $6,240,947 3,962,780 $4,200,836 418,749 $ 353,949 959,596 $ 728,730 Equity beta 1.03 1.24 0.96 0.92 0.67 0.56 LTM Trading Multiples MVIC/Revenue MVIC/EBIT MVIC/EBITDA Market/Book equity 1.91% 10.56x 9.46 1.63x 1.02x 7.35x 6.03x 4.26x 1.45x 8.65x 7.84x 2.51x 1.14x 7.42x 6.88x 4.93x 1.87% 18.05x 15.15x 2.13x 11.40x 9.87x 4.41x 1.96x Net Debt/Equity Net Debt/Enterprise Value 45.18% 31.12% % 31.74% % 24.10% 17.97% 15.23% 6.01% 5.67% -15.47% -18.31% -24.06% -31.68% 4. Net working capital excludes cash and securities. a b. Net debt is total long-term and short-term debt less excess cash. b Exhibit 4 Contemporaneous Capital Market Data (April 21, 2007) Yields on U.S. Treasury Securities 30 days 60 days 90 days 1 year 5 years Maturity 4.55% 4.73% 4.91% 4.90% 4.91% 10 years 5.02% 5.26% 5.10% Seasoned corporate bond yields Moody's Aaa 5.88% 6.04% A 6.35% Baa 6.72% Ba 7.88% B 8.94% 20 years 30 years Default spread 0.86% 1.02% 1.33% 1.70% 2.86% 3.92%