Questions

Q1 ) We need to study an enzyme activity that works best at pH equals to 4,Which one of the following you will choose?

Buffer name	pka	Buffer capacity
Acetic acid	4.32	3.32-5.32
TRIS	8.1	7.1-9.1

So we need to choose the buffer with the nearest pka to the desired pH

Dont forget that:

each buffer still maintains its buffer property in a pH around its pka 1

This is called the buffer capacity

The wk. acid/or wk base will be super in resisting changes in pH when their pka = the desired pH

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Q2) The pka of carbonic acid is 6.37. At which ranges of pH carbonic acid can work as a good buffer?

H₂CO₃ HCO₃^- + H⁺

Q3) The most effective buffer is obtained when [------] = [------] and thus pH = pka

Q4) When the pH of the solution is below the pka of the wk acid / or wk base, what is the predominant form of the buffer, is it the basic form or the acidic form? The protonated form or the deprotonated form?