R is a free statistical software that is frequently and widely used. Go to R-Project for Statistical Computing(Links to an external site.) to download the R software to your computer (follow the instructions provided in the attached R Installation Instructions sheet).The R Project website(Links to an external site.) provides a brief introduction to R that you may also want to review.

Like SAS, R is code-driven software that provides computation and graphics easily. This means that you need to write code in order to obtain the results. In this CT assignment, you will write codes to find the z-scores. Some useful R code examples are given in Sections and 1.3 and 1.5 of zyBooks.

Data integration is a way to combine datasets. Z-scores are used in data integration to provide an easy way to compare datasets. For instance, we cannot compare USD/EUR foreign exchange rate to the U.S. unemployment rate because they are two separate variables measured in different units.

In this CT assignment, we will calculate and interpret the z-scores. We will be using the mtcars dataset in R. More information about this dataset can be found on the Motor Trend Car Road Tests webpage(Links to an external site.) of the R Datasets Package website. To complete the assignment, follow the steps below:

1. In the R console, type mtcars. This shows the whole dataset.
2. Using R, calculate the mean and standard deviation for the variables: mpg, cyl, disp, hp, drat, wt, qsec, gear, carb.
3. Using R, calculate the maximum values for the same variables in (b).
4. Using R, calculate the z-scores for the maximum values.
5. Interpret each z-score in (d). Is the maximum value unusual? Explain why or why not.

Take a screenshot of each problem from parts (a) - (d). Answers must be provided on (e).