Ralph received a gift of land from his father in March, 2022. The land had been acquired by his father in 1988. His father's basis in the land was $100,000 and its FMV on the date of the gift was $400,000. Because his father had made numerous gifts to Ralph, this gift was subject to a gift tax of $10,000, which the father paid. 

a. What is Ralph's gain basis in the land? (Be sure to include any applicable gift tax adjustment) 

b. What is the amount and character of the gain (short-term v. long-term) if Ralph sells the land for $400,000 in August, 2022