Read the Case Study about Sal and answer the questions that follow.

Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD): Case study. Sal

Sal has just gotten off work as a night watchman at a warehouse, where he is the only employee during the graveyard shift. Sal meets his brother for breakfast and tells him that he chose this job because it allows him to spend a good amount of time alone. He has never dated and has lived alone in a one-bedroom apartment for 28 years. He is not interested in a sexual relationship, even though his brother has attempted to set him up with dates over the years. He goes from home to work and, on rare occasions, to his brother's home for dinner. He does not desire any acquaintances or friends; he just does not like being around other people. He simply prefers to be alone. He has told his brother on several occasions that he does not like people. Since he entered school, he has never sought to have friends, and he contacts his brother only when he needs something and cannot gure out how to meet his need on his own. Three weeks ago, he was honored for 15 years' service to his company. His boss showered him with praise for keeping the company free of break-ins and stated he was one of the nest employees any employer would want to have as part of the team. After the ceremony, Sal told his boss that he did not know what the ruckus was about and that he did not desire or deserve the recognition.

Sal made it clear to his boss he was just doing his job and nothing more and would prefer not to be subjected to another ceremony of this type again in the future. Sal meets ve of the diagnostic criteria (A1, A2, A3, A5, and A6) for a diagnosis of SPD. People with SPD do not see themselves as having a problem and are happy with being left alone. Some individuals who come from a variety of cultural backgrounds may display defensive behaviors, avoid social contact, and be misinterpreted as schizoid. For example, a person moving from a rural environment to New York City may react with shock at the different, stressfully charged milieu of the city. An individual may appear to be cold, hostile, and distant, preferring to stay to himself or herself. When the patterned behavior is related to the disorder, it would not occur to them that they might benet from psychotherapy. If a person with SPD were to see a therapist, it would be due to a referral from a health professional or relative. Psychotherapy is generally contraindicated for people with SPD because of their intense resistance to change their way of life.

1.a. Based on what you have read, as a counselor, give a brief description of the case study.

1.b. Provide an explanation and rationale for the Personality Disorder Diagnosis using the latest version of the DSM as a reference.

1.c. What information was obtained on the course of treatment for the disorder.

1.d. Identify which cluster (A, B, or C) this personality disorder belongs to and an explanation of the rationale.

1.e. Information on the prognosis and prevalence of the disorder.