Read the case study below and answer ALL the questions that follow. Recruitment and selection at Enterprise Rent-A-Car Introduction Enterprise Rent-A-Car (Enterprise) was founded by Jack Taylor in 1957 in the basement of a car dealership in St Louis in the USA. The business began with only seven cars. Today, Enterprise is the largest car rental business in North America. with more than 7,000 offices in the USA and more than 900 in Canada, Puerto Rico, the UK, Germany and Ireland. In 2007. Enterprise had 728,000 rental cars in use, employing over 65,000 people with an annual turnover of over 4.5 billion. There are four operating units: Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Enterprise Fleet Management, Enterprise Car Sales and Enterprise Rent-A-Truck. Whilst customers within each of these markets need different products, all customers, whether business or private, need a speedy, convenient and reliable service. The car rental market is increasingly competitive. Enterprise continues to expand its range of services to meet customers' needs. In addition to business rentals at airport and city locations, it also provides replacement cars for accident repairs, courtesy cars for garages and short-term holiday rentals for breaks or special occasions. Enterprise also offers a collection service to take customers to their hire cars. Maintaining high levels of customer satisfaction is a key driver of growth for Enterprise. Enterprise emphasises delivering first-class customer service, regularly winning awards for its efforts in this area. Its small, local office structure and entrepreneurial team working means its employees are able to make decisions independently to achieve their goals. This case study explores how Enterprise ensures it has the right people and skills to achieve its business aims and objectives. The role of Human Resource Management The purpose of Human Resource Management (HRM) is to hire, train and develop staff and where necessary to discipline or dismiss them. Through effective training and development, employees at Enterprise achieve promotion within the company and reach their full potential. This reduces the need for external recruitment and makes maximum use of existing talent. This is a cost-effective way for a business to manage its people. The HRM function not only manages existing staff, it also plans for changes that will affect its future staffing needs. This is known as workforce planning. For example: the business may grow into new markets, such as Enterprise moving into truck rental it may use new technology which requires new skills e.g. global positioning equipment staff may retire or be promoted, leaving gaps which need to be filled. . . There may also be external changes in the labour market, meaning that there will be fewer skills available or too many in a particular area. HRM monitors all of these things in planning recruitment strategy. This places the HRM function in a central role in the business because all managers use this expertise to acquire staff. Enterprise has a policy of promoting its managers from within its existing workforce. This means the business must recruit people with the potential to grow. Each year, Enterprise recruits an average of 1,000 staff into its graduate recruitment programme in the UK and Ireland To achieve its aims and objectives, Enterprise needs staff who are motivated and who possess initiative and drive. Attracting applicants Promoting managers and offering career opportunities from within the company has a positive effect on Enterprise. Employees remain happy, will stay longer and give their best. However, with growth and diversification there is always a need for external recruitment to provide new skills or increase the business capacity for expansion. In order to attract high quality candidates, Enterprise is raising the company profile within UK universities using Campus Brand Managers. These are students or interns who work for Enterprise and act as liaisons for potential applicants. Other activities in uni to attract interested applicants include: rsities presentations on the company relationships with clubs and organisations . attending Careers Fairs . 'drop-in' sessions skills sessions and mentoring programmes. Students can also visit Enterprise and spend time learning about how it does business and what opportunities it offers. Enterprise offers a good salary and training as part of its benefits. However, the real attraction is the chance of a career rather than just a job. Most employees start out as Management Trainees with the potential to progress to Vice President/General Manager. Employees also have opportunities to specialise in specific areas such as finance, human resource management, vehicle acquisition, risk management and many others. This allows individuals to develop their career path as they progress within the company. Enterprise makes every effort to ensure that its workforce is representative of the cultural and ethnic diversity in the wider population, Job advertisements state: "Enterprise Rent-A-Car seeks and values people of all backgrounds because every employee, customer and business partner is important. We are proud to be an equal opportunities employer. Through its 11 local UK and Irish teams supporting recruitment, Enterprise ensures that the staff in its branches reflect the areas they serve. This helps to develop a 'culturally aware' workforce. Recruitment Enterprise's online recruitment process is an important part of its strategy. This improves the speed and efficiency of the application for both the company and the applicant. The website provides a registration function and lists available jobs. It also provides a lot of information about the Management Trainee role and the company culture and values. This allows applicants to get a good idea of whether Enterprise would suit them. New recruits can enter the business in different ways. An internship' scheme is available for first and second year university students. This gives students an opportunity to work with Enterprise. Students gain valuable experience and there is the possibility of becoming a full-time employee after graduation. Interns participate in an initial classroom-based training session. After this, they work in a branch office where they begin on-the-job training Interns take on the same responsibilities as management trainees and learn about sales, marketing, customer service, business management and administration support. The Enterprise Graduate Management Trainee programme offers graduates a fast-track career path with opportunities for self-development and quick progression. Within as little as 8-12 months, they can move up to a Management Assistant then on to Assistant Manager. The role includes providing a great customer experience, marketing the business and selling the service, as well as dealing with business partners such as insurance companies, dealerships and auto body shops. Enterprise advertises its vacancies and opportunities across a wide range of media. This includes media such as newspapers, magazines and online. Recruitment and selection at Enterprise Rent-A-Car. To target graduate recruits, Enterprise has developed a dedicated recruitment brand and website - Come Alive'. The website shows potential employees the benefits of career opportunities with Enterprise and provides a medium through which students can submit their applications. It also presents profiles of Enterprise employees with their career stories. Enterprise also uses specialist graduate recruitment websites at peak times throughout the year in order to attract the maximum audience. Approximately 50% of its total UK and Ireland workforce is recruited via the website strategy. Selection Selection is the process of identifying the best candidate for the role in question. This is important as the candidates who apply may not always have the correct set of skills and competencies required by the business. Enterprise seeks competencies in its recruits both for an immediate job role and also for development over the longer term to support the business growth. HR managers often use standard documentation in order to match job roles with personal qualities and skills. These include: the job description - this summarises a job role within an organisation and lists the main tasks. a person specification - this highlights the characteristics a candidate needs for a post, as well as the desirable qualities the company is looking for. Enterprise combines the person specification within the job description by using a skills and competencies framework. The Enterprise selection process offers candidates several opportunities to show their best in different situations: To screen candidates, Enterprise recruitment managers compare the online application forms (which reflect candidates' CVS) to the skills and competencies the role needs. Candidates then have an initial face-to-face interview with an Enterprise recruitment manager. This is followed by an interview with a branch manager. From this, selected candidates are invited to an assessment day. The assessment day is a standard part of the Enterprise recruitment process. Candidates take part in practical exercises, including role-play, as well as individual and group activities. Role-play is a valuable way of testing core skills like communication and customer service. Enterprise can assess a candidate's performance by different methods and in different work related tasks. This makes the selection process fairer. Areas tested include customer service skills, flexibility, sales aptitude, work ethic, leadership and teamwork. The assessment day ends with another interview with a senior manager in order to make the final selection. The different parts of the selection process help to identify the qualities the company is looking for. For example: Sarah is now an Enterprise Training Manager. She is responsible for creating and delivering multiple training programmes to improve employee performance and productivity at Enterprise. She also provides feedback to management on employee performance. At selection, Enterprise had picked out her communication skills, leadership and work ethic. From initial training Sarah moved to Assistant Manager, Branch Manager then to Area Manager, then into her current role Laurent is an Area Manager. The selection process highlighted within him a keenness for sales and a real care for customers. This enabled him to take on the challenges of responding to changing customer needs whilst meeting business aims and objectives. His role includes leading managers of several rental branches to develop a culture of customer service and sales. Through coaching, mentoring and training, he motivates his team by recognising and rewarding their achievements so that they can meet their business goals. Conclusion A service-orientated business like Enterprise must deliver perfect service every time to keep customers satisfied. An unhappy customer is unlikely to come back. Enterprise operates in a highly competitive marketplace. In order to continue its growth and expansion, Enterprise focuses on delivering very high levels of customer satisfaction. Its strategy of recruiting people with the right skills and competencies helps the business to carry out its aims and objectives. In order to keep these key skills in the business, Enterprise provides continuing development and training for its people as they progress along a long-term career path. The case study indicates that there may ne external changes in the labour market, meaning that there will be fewer skills available or too many in a particular area. With reference to the case study and relevant theory, critically evaluate the most prominent sources of external recruitment