Read the extract below and answer ALL the questions that follow. BRIEF [IN THE CDNSTRUCTIDN PLANNING OF THE BURJ DUBAI PROJECT, DUBAI UAE The Burj Khalifa project is a multi-use development tower with a total floor area of 4, square meters that includes residential, hotel, commercial, ofce, entertainment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities. The Burj Khalita is designed to be the centrepiece of the large scale Burj Khalifa Development that rises 323 meters into the air and consists of more than 1El] oors. The Client of Eturj Khalifa Tower, Emaar Properties, is a major developer of lifestyle real estate in the Middle East. Tumer International has been designated by the owner as the Construction Manager, and Samsung Joint 1venture {consisting of Samsung, tt'orea base contractor; Besix, Belgium base contractor; and Arabtec, Dubai base contractor} as the General Contractor. The design of Bari Khalita is derived from geometries of the desert flower, which is indigenous to the region, and the patterning systems embodied in Islamic architecture. The tower massing is organized around a central core with three wings. Each wing consists of four bays. At every seventh oor, one outer bay peels away as the structure spirals into the sky. Unlike many su per-high-rise buildings with deep tloor plates, the 'r-shape floor plans of Eturj Khalifa maximize views and provide tenants with plenty of natural light. The modular \"If-shaped building, with a setback at every seventh floor, was part of the original design concept that allowed Skidmore, Dwings and Merrill to win the invited design competition. The tower superstructure of Burj Khalifa is designed as an all-reinforced concrete building with high performance concrete from the foundation level to level 15C, and is topped with a structural steel braced frame from level 155 to the highest point of the tower. The tower massing is also driven by wind engineering requirements to reduce dynamic wind excitation. As the tower spirals into the sky, the buildings width and shape diminish, thus reducing wind dynamic effects, movement, and acceleration. Integrating wind engineering principals and requirements into the architectural design of the tower results in a stable dynamic response, taming the powerful wind forces. Planning for the Concrete |Ir'llork Prior to the construction of the tower, extensive concrete testing and qualityr control programs were put in place to ensure that all concrete works are done in agreement with all parties involved, including the supervision consultant {Hyder}, the owner independent testing agency [l'v'TAj, the concrete supplier {Unimix} top qualityr team, CTL, and Samsung Engineering and Construction Task force team. These programs started from the early development ofthe concrete mix design until the completion of all test and verication programs. The testing regimes included but were not limited to the following programs: Trial mix designs for all concrete types needed for the project. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and split tensile strength. Durability tests which included initial surtace absorption test and Slit-minute absorption test. Creep and shrinkage test program for all concrete mix design. 1v'l'ater penetration tests and rapid chloride permeability test. Shrinkage test program for all concrete mix designs. Pump simulation test for all concrete mix design grades up to at least Elli] meters. Heat of hydration analysis and tests, which include cube analysis and tests, and full-scale heat of hydration mock tests for all the massive concrete elements that have a dimension in excess of 1 . meter. These tests are needed to conrm the construction sequence of these large elements and to develop cu ring plans that are appropriate for the project, considering major daily and seasonal temperature uctuations. The Burj Khalifa project demonstrates that tall building system development is always directly related to the latest developments in material technologies, structural engineering theories, wind engineering, seismic engineering, computer technologies, and construction methods. The Burj Khalifa project capitalizes on the advancements in these technologies, and in advancing the development of supertall buildings and the art of sthctural engineering. As of today, the Burj l-{helifa is the tallest man-made structure in the world in all categories, and it has become a catalystfor further development in high- rise construction in the Middle East and throughout the world. The Bug Khalifa project is another step fonvard in meeting the technological challenges of future construction and it set a new stage for the future generation of supertall buildings. Extracted from: httpszfr'www.boonedam.comlinspirationfburj-khalifa