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Differentiate between bipolar depression and bipolar mania

Bipolar disorders are a complex group of severe and chronic disorders that includes bipolar I disorder, defined by the presence of a syndromal, manic episode, and bipolar II disorder, defined by the presence of a syndromal, hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode. Bipolar disorders substantially reduce psychosocial functioning and are associated with a loss of approximately 10-20 potential years of life (McIntyre, et al, 2020).

Bipolar depression and bipolar mania are significant symptoms with bipolar disorders. Bipolar depression accounts for the majority of time spent unwell for patients with bipolar disorder; high rates of morbidity and mortality arise from full symptomatic episodes and interepizooticsubsyndromal symptoms. Bipolar depression is an important contributor to long-term dysfunction for patients with bipolar disorder due to psychosocial impairment, loss of work productivity and high rates of substance abuse. Missed and delayed diagnosis is prevalent due to overlapping symptoms with unipolar depression and other diagnoses (McIntyre, & Calabrese, 2019). Bipolar mania is the manic phase of bipolar disorder. It is defined as an extremely unstable euphoric or irritable mood along with an excess activity or energy level, excessively rapid thought and speech, reckless behavior and feeling of invincibility. Patients exhibiting symptoms of mania are at risk for engaging in dangerous behaviors.

McIntyre, R. S., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., Lpez-Jaramillo, C., Kessing, L. V., Malhi, G. S., Nierenberg, A. A., Rosenblat, J. D., Majeed, A., Vieta, E., Vinberg, M., Young, A. H., & Mansur, R. B. (2020). Bipolar disorders.Lancet (London, England),396(10265), 1841-1856.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31544-0Links to an external site.