Read the topic sentences of the body paragraphs of an essay and choose the relevant thesis statement. Body 1 Topic Sentence: Collaboration among countries contributes to technological advancements. Body 2 Topic Sentence: Collaboration among countries leads to innovation. Your answer: O Collaboration among countries has enormous benefits on all parties. O Technological improvements could be seen as the most significant result of collaboration among countries. O Collaboration between countries is significant in terms of their contribution to technological improvements and innovation. Innovation and technological improvements should be the urgencies when countries collaborate with each other. Complete the introduction paragraph below. To be more clear, the term 'cybercrime', which can be also interpreted as 'internet-related crime', refers to committing crimes by utilizing computers and the Net (Hamilton & Webster, 2009). According to Hamilton and Webster (2009), the development of communication technology creates threats like cybercrime which is really easier to commit. Even though some people claim that crime related to the Net should not be accepted as vital as traditional crime, since it affects some specific groups, it requires great attention due to this fast growing usage rates. Your answer: It is an amazing fact that the number of internet-related crimes is undeniably high and it has been going up quiet fast over the last few decades. O The Internet can be used for illegal financial gain such as stealing intellectual property, in other words research into a new product done by somebody else, and use this knowledge for financial gain. o From an economical perspective, cybercrimes facilitate downloading movies and music illegally, which causes the film and music industry losing billions of pounds. o If no immediate precautions are taken on a legal level, the threat of internet-related crime will cause severe damages socially and economically. Complete the introduction paragraph above with suitable background information. (1) Youth violence is an issue that has been high on the social agenda in many countries as it is considered to be one of the leading causes of serious behavioral and social problems. (2) The term "youth violence" can be defined as physical assaultive behavior and serious violent offenses, perpetrated by or against young people, which may lead to severe and lethal injuries (Elliot, 1994). (3) The regularity and repetition of such violence are common in the so-called "civilized world" (Raver, 2007). (4) _ (5) In particular, the American social order has been threatened by youth violence that can be seen not only in rural areas but also in rich neighborhoods and small towns since 1990s (Elliot, 1994). (6) Even if it is believed that young people are prone to violence due to innate qualities, most violent behavior is learned at early ages by observing others using violence in their surroundings. Your answer: O In 2000, youth violence caused around 199,000 deaths in Latin American and African countries; in 2002, an approximate number of 53,000 people of young age all across the world were maltreated and abused (German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), 2010). o As reported by Elliot (1994), being exposed to violence in their families from early ages may increase violent behavior by approximately 40% during adolescence. Furthermore, the writer suggests that young people who are neglected by their families tend to become offenders later in their lives. O In this sense, the exposure to TV programs including violence has become another factor for adolescents to acquire violent behavior (Elliot, 1994). In which order can the sentences below be used as background information in the paragraph given? (1) Nonetheless, there are some developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia where many people are still illiterate (Chinnammai, 2005). (2) Moreover, the same author also discusses that increasing use of electronic tools in education gives more advantages to developed countries compared to developing countries by widening the gap technologically. (3) Developed countries in the western world share a common concern about getting their people ready to be global citizens involved with the global economy and international issues (Patrick et al., 2012). (4) As reported by Abdullahi (2010), the inception of the term global education dates back to the end of World War I, establishment of the UN and the Declaration of Human Rights in the late 1940s for the purpose of eliminating the issues related to the world wars. Global education, aiming to bring educational opportunities for everybody, is perhaps one of the most important issues in the world. It is perceived as a tool for providing opportunities to individuals, especially to make students from developing countries be able to reach better educational programs. The term global education can be defined as "an approach to education" through which students can add new insights like self-consciousness, open-mindedness, believing in social justice and human rights to their thinking process to prepare themselves to be a part of a better future (Patrick et al., 2012). Even though global education is supposed to bring equal educational opportunities, it is extremely challenging to close the gap in education between developed and developing countries due to several factors. "Reducing food loss and waste can contribute to environmental sustainability by lowering production costs and increasing the efficiency of food systems. At the same time, it can improve food security and nutrition. While it is not yet possible to estimate the percentage of food waste at the retail and consumption stage, the percentage of food lost after harvesting and during transport, storage and processing stands at 13.8 per cent globally, amounting to over $400 billion a year. Regional estimates suggest that the highest level of food loss occurs in Central and Southern Asia (20.7 per cent), followed by Europe and Northern America (15.7 per cent). Australia and New Zealand register the lowest food losses (5.8 per cent). Countries need to implement targeted interventions at critical stages of the value chain to reduce unnecessary food loss and waste" (United Nations [UN], 2021). Your answer: The benefits of decreasing food loss and waste are developing the sustainability of the environment through minimizing production costs and improving the impact of food systems, and upgrading the food security and nutrition (United Nations (UN), 2021). O The benefits of decreasing food loss and waste are developing the sustainability of the environment through minimizing production costs and improving the impact of food systems (United Nations [UN], 2021). O Reducing food loss and waste can have contributions to environmental sustainability through lowering production costs and decreasing the efficiency of food systems (United Nations [UN], 2021). O Nations have to implement targeted interventions at critical periods of the value chain to minimize unnecessary food loss and waste (United Nations [UN], 2021). Read the extract below and choose the best summary. "Commercialism has never been wholly absent from the Olympic Games, but two large industries have eclipsed all others-namely, television and makers of sports apparel, especially shoes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC), organizing committees of the Olympic Games (OCOGs), and to some degree the international sport federations depend heavily on television revenues, and many of the best athletes depend on money from apparel endorsements. Vigorous bidding for the television rights began in earnest before the Rome Games in 1960; what have been called the "sneaker wars" started an Olympiad later in Tokyo. The Los Angeles Games of 1984, however, ushered in a new Olympic era. In view of Montreal's huge financial losses from the 1976 Olympics, Peter Ueberroth, head of the Los Angeles OCOG, sold exclusive "official sponsor" rights to the highest bidder in a variety of corporate categories. Now almost everything is commercialized with "official items ranging from credit cards to beer. And while American decathlete Bill Toomey lost his Olympic eligibility in 1964 for endorsing a nutritional supplement, now athletes openly endorse everything from allergy medicines to blue jeans" (Swayson et al., 2017). Your answer: 0 Olympic games and commercialism have been mostly in interaction with each other, however, both television and sports clothing producers, in particular shoe makers, have veiled the rest. Also many committees strongly depend on the money comes from TVs (Swayson et al., 2017). O Olympic games and commercialism have been mostly in interaction with each other, but both, television and sports clothing producers have veiled the rest (Swayson et al., 2017). Commercialism has never been totally missing from the Olympic Games, but two big industries have veiled others - that is TV and sports equipment producers, particularly shoes (Swayson et al., 2017). O Commercialism and the Olympic Games are always together, and the biggest two industries are TV and the sports clothing makers (Swayson et al., 2017). Read the original statement below and choose the best paraphrase. "In some cities, the lockdowns in response to COVID-19 have significantly lowered certain air pollutants due to the closing of factories and the reduction in the number of cars on the road; however, that improvement is likely to be only a temporary reprieve from a long-term unhealthy situation" (United Nations [UN], 2021). Your answer: O There was a significant drop in air pollution due to lockdowns in some cities since the factories were closed and fewer cars were used on the road; nevertheless, it seems temporary and it might also be a promising improvement in terms of environmental impairment (United Nations [UN], 2021). COVID 19 pandemic has led to a huge, global drop in air pollution as a result of the reductions in industry and traffic but this improvement may not sustain for a long period of time (United Nations [UN], 2021). In terms of COVID 19 precautions, lockdowns in some regions have significantly resulted in less air pollution since the factories were closed and fewer vehicles were used on the road; on the other hand, this recovery seems to be short-lived because the whole situation reflects a deep-rooted unhealthy period of time (United Nations [UN], 2021). COVID 19 has led to a massive decrease in air pollution across the globe resulting from factory closures and fall in motor traffic, hence this temporary environmental impairment might be turned into an everlasting one (United Nations [UN], 2021 Read the original statement below and choose the best paraphrase. "Humankind's fascination with the planets beyond Earth has led to some landmark moments in history, as when space exploration took a giant step forward with the advent of technology that allowed humans to travel to the Moon and to build spacecraft capable of exploring the rest of the solar system and beyond" (Trobald et al., 2010). Your answer: o Individuals have always been inspired by the planets beyond the Earth, so they built space ships to explore other galaxies in the solar system and travel to the Moon (Trobald et al., 2010). O With the advancement of the technology, human beings could discover other galaxies, and to be able to do that they built space ships and this has been a turning point in their lives (Trobald et al., 2010). o The planets beyond the Earth have always been the curiosity of the people; therefore, they built spacecraft and travelled to the moon as a result of their curiosity (Trobald et al., 2010). O Having been attracted by the planets beyond the Earth, human discovery of the space with the development of the technology has been a milestone in the history as it enables individuals to go to the Moon and build spaceships for the exploration of the rest of solar system and other galaxies (Trobald et al., 2010)