Reading Comprehension: The Origin and Development of Statistics The history of statistics can be traced back at least to the biblical times in Ancient Egypt, Babylon and Rome. As early 3500 years before the birth of Christ= statistics had been used in Egypt in the form of recording the number of sheep or cattle owned, the amount of grain produced, and the number of people living in the particular city. In 3300 EC, Babylonian government used statistics to measure the number of men under a king's rule and the vast territory that he occupied. It was his belief that the more men under his command and the more land he conquered= the more powerful his kingdom wold become. [n T E_C_, Roman empires used statistics by conducting registration to record population for the purpose of collecting taxes. In the modern times, statistical methods have been used to record and predict such things as birth and death rates, employment and ination rates, sports achievements, and other economic trends. They have even been used to asses' opinions from polls and unlock secret codes from a game of chance. Modern statistics is said to have begun with John Grannt [lEUlle}, an English tradesman who collected and published records called \"BILLS OF MORTALITT' that included information about the numbers of causes and deaths in the City of London. Grant analyzed more than y years of data and created the rst mortality table, a table that shows how long a person may be expected to live after reaching the certain age. There were so many other great men who made important contributions to statistics. One of them was Kerl Freidrich Gauss (1777-1855), the brilliant German mathematician who used statistical methods in making predictions about the positions of the planets in our solar system. Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874), Belgian astronomer developed the idea of the "AVERAGE MAN" from his studies of the Belgian census. He was also known as the father of "MODERN STATISTICS". Karl Pearson (1857-1936), an English mathematician made important links between probability and statistics. In the 20th century British statistician Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher developed the F-tool in inferential statistics. This tool has been very useful in testing improvements of production from agricultural experiments and improvement of precision of results from medical, biological, and industrial experimentation. The American George Gallup (1901-1984) was instrumental in making polling, a common tool in political campaign. In this of information technology, a lot of computer programs such as Microstat, Soritec Sampler, SPSS and others are made available in CD-ROMs or websites that perform more than the manual calculations in statistics. Peopleworking in some government agencies, in laboratories, in media, and in business generallyr use these electronic devices to easily access data, improve graphics, and obtain readymade analyses and interpretations of the data. I- Multiple Choice: Study the sentences carefully and pick out one correct answer from the options a, b, c, and d. Using answer sheet, shade the letter correspond to your answer. Erasures do not merit points. 1. The other meaning of the word traced base from the first paragraph. a.drew b.copied c.sketched d.outlined 2. The number of proof of the origin and development of Statistics. a.28 b.29 c.30 d.31 3.The word conquered is a good influence in the foundation of statistics in terms of: a.ruling b.spreading race c.power d.popularity 4. The use of the word predict in the third paragraph and first sentence would rely in: a.forecast b.expect c.guess d.foretell 5.A word which is difficult to measure in terms of statistics. a.opinion b.guess c.hypothesis d.code 6. Discover the improvement and experimentation through testing scientifically. a Pearson b.Fisher c. Gauss d. Graunt 7.Satisfy the association of statistics and its probable cause. a.Pearson b. Gallup c. Gauss d. Graunt 8.He predict the position of Solar System. a Pearson b. Gallup c. Gauss d. Graunt9.He give information about the causes of deaths using mortality table. a Pearson b. Gallup c. Gauss d. Graunt 10.He use common tool in political campaign. a Pearson b. Gallup c. Gauss d.Graunt 11 Bills of mortality pertains to: a.age only b.death rate only c.span to live d.expected rate 12.A word which determine the establishment of the nine planets. a. creation b.expectation c.prediction d.contributions13.The agency or organization which is relevantly used F-tool that was developed by Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher last 20th century. a.DSWD b.SWS c.SPSS d.CSC 14. The import thing that is needed in the transition of existence of information technology with the application of advance statistics a. website b.computer programs c.access data and informations d.electronic devices 15.If a businessman and politician will combine to each other you can say that our country would be a growing economy which compete with the stability of other country. a.always b.sometimes c.never d.posibly 16. It uses only a small portion of the total set of data in order to draw conclusion regarding the entire set. a. Statistics c. Inferential Statistics b. Descriptive Statistics d. data 17. Which of the following does not belong to the group? a. Simple random sampling c. lottery b. Multi-stage sampling d. convenience 18. These are observation when information had been sorted into categories. a. Primary data c. quantitative data b. Qualitative data d. secondary data 19. It is a method used where data kept systematized and stored for future use. a. Survey c. registration b. Indirect d. direct 20. It is a method of selecting sample size from all possible combination of size. a. Random sampling c. non-random sampling b. Systematic sampling d. multi-stage sampling21. It a method in which the population is divided into groups in order to avoid the possibility of drawing samples whose member s come from the same group. a. Systematic c. cluster b. Stratified d. multi-stage 22. The selection of sample units comes from the largest to the smallest geographical setting. a. Systematic c. cluster b. Stratified d. multi-stage 23. Which of the following does not belong to the group? a. Cluster sampling c. purposive sampling b. Convenience sampling d. Systematic sampling