Reading passage-based multiple choice questions This section of the quiz contains a passage from one of our course readings. You need to read the passage and then answer a series of 4 multiple choice questions about the passage (and/or its relationship to the rest of the Chapter or book). Read the passage below, and then answer the series of multiple choice questions about it, selecting the best response for each question "y one examines a newspaper under a transmission view of commun/cation, one sees the medium as an instrument for disseminating news and knowledge, sometimes divertissement, in larger and farger packages over greater distances. Ouestions arise as to the effects of this on audiences: news as enlightening or obscuring reality, as changing or hardening attitudes, as breeding credibility or doubt. Questions also are raised concerning the functions of news and the newspaper: Does it maintain the integration of society or its maladaptation? Does it function or misfunction to maintain stability or promote the instability of personalities? Some such mechanical analysis normally accompanies a "transmission" argument, A ritual view of communication will focus on a different range of problems in examining a newspaper. It will, for example, view reading a newspaper less as sending or gaining information and more as attending a massa situation in which nothing new is learned but in which a particular view of the world is portrayed and confirmed News reading, and writing, is a ritual act and moreover a dramatic one. What is arrayed before the reader is not pure information but a portrayal of the contending forces in the world. Moreover, as readers make their way through the paper they engage in a continual shift of roles or of dramatic focus. A story on the monetary crisis salutes them as American patriots fighting those ancient enemies Germany and Japan; a story on the meeting of a womer's political caucus casts them into the liberation movement as supporter or opponent; a tale of violence on the campus avokes their class antagonisms and resentments. The model here is not that of information acquisition, though such acquisition occurs, but of dramatic action in which the reader joins a world of contending forces as an observer at a play. We do not encounter questions about the effect or functions of messages as such, but the role of presentation and involvement in the structuring of the reader's life and time. We recognize, as with religious rituals, that news changes little and yet is intrinsically satisfying; it performs few functions yet is habitually consumed Newspapers do not operate as a source of effects or functions but as dramatically satisfying, which is not to say pleasing, presentations of what the world at root is. And it is in this role that of a text-that a newspaper is seen; like a Balinese cockfight, a Dickens novel an Elizabethan drama, a student rally, it is a presentation of reality that gives nife an overall form, order, and tone." (Carey, 2009, pp. 6-7), What is the main argument in this passage? Select one: o a. that newspapers are instruments for disseminating news and knowledge over vast distances b. that the ritual view of communication needs to be updated c. that the transmission model of communication is undervalued in American scholarship d. that the ritual view of communication (unlike the transmission view) reveals and reinforces the world according to a culturally and historically specific way of seeing things. e. that nothing new can be learned through a ritual view of communication In what field of research has the transmission model of communication been a very useful model? Select one: a the Internet b. moral philosophy c. ethics d. telepathy e cultural anthropology Clear my choice Question 35 Not ye Market How is the experience of television seen through a "ritual view of communication? Select one: a. as a two-step model in which journalists report on the world b. as a source of information for groups advocating for social change c. as a one-way flow of information from a sender to many receivers d. as a focal technology that permits people to engage in shared social experiences Clear my choice Not yet a Question 36 Marked How does James Carey (week 1 reading) explain the strong influence of the transmission model of communication in American scholarship? Select one: a. America's obsessive individualism b. American scholars have found it very useful in studying other people's cultures as well as their own C. American scholars have been deeply influenced by European scholarship d. Americans' psychological lives are an illusionary reality