Recall that the transmission delay of sending one packet of length L over a communication link of transmission rate R is L/R. Generalize the formula (1) for the end-to-end delay of sending one packet of length L over N links (these links form a linear chain) each with transmission rate R; (2) for sending P such packets back-to-back over the N links each with transmission rate R. Consider only the transmission delays and ignore all other delays (e.g. nodal processing delay, queueing delay, propagation delay). You may want to review Textbook Section 1.3 and chapter 1 slides around page 46-50.