Recall that you are on the board of trustees for a Wisconsin township that frequently experiences winter temperatures of -16 C. You are responsible for ensuring that the city's 30,000 residents are able to travel safely in even the coldest and iciest conditions. You must decide if the city purchases the pre-prepared blend or proposes a new blend for use in winter 2021. You must consider environmental impact, lowest effective temperature, cost, and your experimental results in your decision. Of note, the pre-prepared blend would simplify logistics for the city, but the company's price includes a $5/ton mixing fee; if you create your own blend, the cost would simply be calculated from the 2021 projected prices of pure compounds in Table 2.1 plus the $5/ton mixing fee. Would you recommend the city purchase the pre-prepared blend or change the percent composition of blended ice melt? Regardless of which choice you recommend, you must include the following in your response: percent composition for your recommended ice melt price per ton (You do not need to show your work) why this ice melt is ideal environmental impact lowest effective temperature experimental results Why might we see different approaches to winter weather? First, demand for road salt is increasing as large snowfalls stress the supply of municipalities. The price of road salt in the greater Cleveland suburbs, for example, nearly doubled in 2019 from its price in 2018. Part of this huge price increase came from the stress that a 53-inch snowfall in 2018 placed on Cleveland, depleting their salt supply significantly. Since the city tries to keep over 60,000 metric tons of salt on hand, this increase in price resulted in a bill of over $3.8 million at 2019 prices. Additionally, the quantity of road salt used is having a significant environmental impact on waterways and soil. Annual road salt use in the United States has increased by nearly 22 million tons since the 1940s. Adding this much sodium chloride to the environment has resulted in a rapid increase of the salinity of fresh water sources, some streams seeing an almost 25% increase of chloride. This increased level is fatal to some species of freshwater fish, can stunt the growth of other species, and can contribute to harmful algal blooms. Humans are also impacted, as elevated chloride levels in the water can cause complications for consumers with high blood pressure, corrode pipes to release toxic metals, and color the water black With these factors in mind, activists and chemists alike have started to look for alternative products to use when melting ice during those cold winter months. Three factors must be taken into account when recommending the new salt": 1) cost per ton; 2) environmental impact; and 3) effectiveness at low temperatures to lower the freezing point of water. Table 2.1 summarizes the cost, environmental impact, and estimated lowest effective tem- perature of four ice melt candidates for use. Lowest Effective Temperature, C -6.7 -11 Estimated Cost, Product Winter 2022 Environmental Impact ($/metric ton) Moderately corrosive NaCl $42.00 Moderate aquatic toxicity Causes vegetation damage Linked to salt toxicosis in birds Moderately corrosive KCI $240.00 High aquatic toxicity Improves soil (K+ fertilizer) Little or no wildlife effects Extremely corrosive Moderate aquatic toxicity CaCl2 $140.00 Ca2+ improves plant growth Little or no wildlife effects Moderately corrosive Moderate aquatic toxicity Commercial $122.10 Causes vegetation damage Ice Melt* Improves soil (K+ fertilizer) Minimized wildlife effects * Commercial Ice Melt is 55% NaCl, 31% KCl, and 14% Caci, -31 -15 Recall that you are on the board of trustees for a Wisconsin township that frequently experiences winter temperatures of -16 C. You are responsible for ensuring that the city's 30,000 residents are able to travel safely in even the coldest and iciest conditions. You must decide if the city purchases the pre-prepared blend or proposes a new blend for use in winter 2021. You must consider environmental impact, lowest effective temperature, cost, and your experimental results in your decision. Of note, the pre-prepared blend would simplify logistics for the city, but the company's price includes a $5/ton mixing fee; if you create your own blend, the cost would simply be calculated from the 2021 projected prices of pure compounds in Table 2.1 plus the $5/ton mixing fee. Would you recommend the city purchase the pre-prepared blend or change the percent composition of blended ice melt? Regardless of which choice you recommend, you must include the following in your response: percent composition for your recommended ice melt price per ton (You do not need to show your work) why this ice melt is ideal environmental impact lowest effective temperature experimental results Why might we see different approaches to winter weather? First, demand for road salt is increasing as large snowfalls stress the supply of municipalities. The price of road salt in the greater Cleveland suburbs, for example, nearly doubled in 2019 from its price in 2018. Part of this huge price increase came from the stress that a 53-inch snowfall in 2018 placed on Cleveland, depleting their salt supply significantly. Since the city tries to keep over 60,000 metric tons of salt on hand, this increase in price resulted in a bill of over $3.8 million at 2019 prices. Additionally, the quantity of road salt used is having a significant environmental impact on waterways and soil. Annual road salt use in the United States has increased by nearly 22 million tons since the 1940s. Adding this much sodium chloride to the environment has resulted in a rapid increase of the salinity of fresh water sources, some streams seeing an almost 25% increase of chloride. This increased level is fatal to some species of freshwater fish, can stunt the growth of other species, and can contribute to harmful algal blooms. Humans are also impacted, as elevated chloride levels in the water can cause complications for consumers with high blood pressure, corrode pipes to release toxic metals, and color the water black With these factors in mind, activists and chemists alike have started to look for alternative products to use when melting ice during those cold winter months. Three factors must be taken into account when recommending the new salt": 1) cost per ton; 2) environmental impact; and 3) effectiveness at low temperatures to lower the freezing point of water. Table 2.1 summarizes the cost, environmental impact, and estimated lowest effective tem- perature of four ice melt candidates for use. Lowest Effective Temperature, C -6.7 -11 Estimated Cost, Product Winter 2022 Environmental Impact ($/metric ton) Moderately corrosive NaCl $42.00 Moderate aquatic toxicity Causes vegetation damage Linked to salt toxicosis in birds Moderately corrosive KCI $240.00 High aquatic toxicity Improves soil (K+ fertilizer) Little or no wildlife effects Extremely corrosive Moderate aquatic toxicity CaCl2 $140.00 Ca2+ improves plant growth Little or no wildlife effects Moderately corrosive Moderate aquatic toxicity Commercial $122.10 Causes vegetation damage Ice Melt* Improves soil (K+ fertilizer) Minimized wildlife effects * Commercial Ice Melt is 55% NaCl, 31% KCl, and 14% Caci, -31 -15