Refer to the information below: Provide solution to the Questions below.

The University of Cambridge is decided to hold its requirements beneath growing monetary strain. The government continues league tables of various sorts: coaching high-quality, studies score, unit fee of each student place. The university still enjoys a high popularity global, but it's miles in competition with institutions inclusive of MIT and Stanford whose unit costs are plenty more. The best way to offer centers along with new studies laboratories, graduate lodging, a far-needed swimming pool, is by way of public appeal. It is critical that there's close liaison among the university development places of work and colleges in order that potential donors do no longer come to be alienated by using simultaneous needs. You were invited by way of the college to assist in recording information of its fund-elevating.

Write Java classes TicketMachine, with a turn method, and Scheduler, with next and queue strategies. [8 marks] Show how a synchronised buffer maintaining a single value will be implemented using this new scheme. [6 marks] three [TURN OVER CST.Ninety eight.4.Four 4 Compiler Construction Sketch parsers based totally on (a) recursive descent, and [8 marks] (b) a desk-driven technique of your desire (e.G. SLR(1)) [12 marks] appropriate for parsing the following n with S as the begin image. The table-driven parser should encompass the related algorithm which translates the desk. The parsers do no longer want to provide a parse tree, simply to file whether or not the input string is generated via the above grammar. You may additionally anticipate there is a routine lex() which whilst called places the following symbol (+, -, ^, (, ), n, eof) in variable token. 5 Data Structures and Algorithms Describe and justify Dijkstra's set of rules for locating the shortest course between vertices in a directed graph with non-poor lengths associated with its edges. [8 marks] For the case wherein the nodes represent towns and the expenses Cuv represent distances by using road, Hart, Nilsson & Raphael proposed a version where the following node to be taken into consideration is based on minimising D(a) + H(a, vacation spot) in place of the usual D(a). H(u, v) is a heuristic characteristic which right here ought to be taken as some constant (okay, say) increased by means of the Euclidean distance between towns u and v. Explain what advantages this kind of amendment may deliver and investigate how the correctness and pace of the changed algorithm adjustments with the price of okay. Can this sort of variation assist in locating the shortest routes to all nodes from a given beginning node? Justify your answer. [12 marks] 4 CST.Ninety eight.4.5 6 Computer Design Briefly describe the differences between a memory bus, an I/O bus and a tool interface on a normal PC, with emphasis on latency and bandwidth traits. [8 marks] What is the difference among serial and parallel records transmission? [2 marks] The bodily layer for Universal Serial Bus (USB) is less difficult and but quicker than old style RS232. What has made this viable and financial? [5 marks] Why is it that you can "plug-and-play" with USB devices however you can't easily "plug-and-play" with RS232 gadgets? [5 marks] 5 [TURN OVER CST.98.Four.6 7 Operating System Functions What is a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)? Describe its operation with the useful resource of a diagram. How is the TLB suffering from processor context switches for (i) threads and (ii) strategies? [10 marks] A procedure has 4 web page frames allocated to it. (All of the subsequent numbers are decimal, and all numbers start from zero.) The time of the final loading of a page into each page body, the time of closing get entry to to the page, the digital page variety in each frame and the Referenced (R) and Modified (M) bits for each page body are proven in the desk under. Times are in clock ticks from the process start time at time zero. Virtual Page # Frame # Time Loaded Time Referenced M R 2 0 60 161 zero 1 1 1 a hundred thirty 160 zero 0 0 2 26 162 1 0 three 3 20 163 1 1 A web page fault to virtual web page 4 has passed off. Which page body could have its contents changed underneath every of the following substitute algorithms? Briefly explain why in every case. (a) FIFO (b) LRU (c) Second Chance (Clock) (d) Enhanced Second Chance [6 marks] Given the above country of memory before the fault, and the reference string of digital web page numbers: (four, zero, zero, zero, 2, four, 2, 1, zero, three, 2), calculate what number of web page faults would arise beneath the LRU coverage if a running set with a window length of 4 had been used instead of a hard and fast allocation of four frames. Show actually while each page fault might arise. [4 marks] 6 CST.98.Four.7 eight Computation Theory Explain Church's Thesis, making clear its connection with computability. [3 marks] Define precisely what is meant via the set of all Primitive Recursive (PR) functions. [4 marks] Outline steps that might permit you to recursively enumerate the set of all PR capabilities, showing the way to decide the arity of each function generated (little detail is needed). [7 marks] Suppose that V (n, x) is a recursive enumeration of all of the PR capabilities of arity 1. By considering the feature v(x) = S V (x, x) or otherwise, display that (a) the enumerating feature V (n, x) cannot itself be Primitive Recursive; [4 marks] (b) there are Total Recursive capabilities that are not Primitive Recursive. [2 marks] 7 [TURN OVEDiscuss capability-primarily based get entry to manage below the headings ? protection of skills ? manipulate of switch of abilties between principals ? delegation of rights ? revocation of capabilities Your answer must point out the variations among the control of abilties in disbursed instead of centralised structures. You ought to bear in mind opportunity designs of talents. [20 marks] 1 [TURN OVER CST.98.Thirteen.2 2 Computer Design Computer memory is usually organised as a reminiscence hierarchy. Why is that this the case? [4 marks] What are the relative latency and bandwidth traits of every degree of an ordinary memory hierarchy?

Clarity of clarification can be regarded as at the least as crucial as syntactic accuracy within the marking scheme. It is likewise understood that names of methods from the usual Java class libraries are matters that programmers test in on-line documentation at the same time as writing code, so if you want to use any of those you do not want to get their names or exact argument-layout accurate supplied that (a) you describe without a doubt what you are doing and (b) your use is accurate at an overview stage. (a) Take an extended argument referred to as x and compute the long value received by way of writing the sixty four bits of x in the contrary order. [6 marks] (b) Define a category that could be able to representing easy related lists, where each list-node includes a string. You ought to show the way to traverse such lists, build them and how to opposite a listing. In the case of the listing reversing code please provide versions, one in all which creates the reversed listing by means of converting guidelines inside the input list, and some other which leaves the authentic listing undamaged and allocates sparkling space for the reversed version. [8 marks] (c) Cause a line to appear in the window of an applet running from the lowest left of the window in the direction of the pinnacle right. Your line should stay seen if the person obscures after which re-shows the window, but you may assume that the size of the windows concerned may be fixed at 100 by 100 devices. [6 marks] 5 [TURN OVER CST.98.1.6 SECTION E 11 Operating Systems As nicely as storage and retrieval of facts, the capabilities of a submitting machine consist of: ? naming and call resolution ? get right of entry to manage ? lifestyles manipulate ? concurrency manage For every of the above (a) Briefly outline the function. [1 mark each] (b) Discuss how, and wherein submitting system factor, the feature may be furnished. Use examples from one or extra real operating systems to illustrate your solution. [4 marks each] 6 CST.Ninety eight.1.7 12 Operating Systems What is supposed with the aid of the term demand paging in a virtual memory control system, and how is it implemented? [5 marks] List 5 strategies which the running gadget can use to enhance the efficiency of demand paging. [5 marks] Suppose the page desk for the currently executing manner is as follows. All values are decimal, and indexes are numbered from zero. Addresses are reminiscence byte addresses. The page offset is 10 bits. Virtual Page # Valid bit Reference bit Modify bit Page Frame # 0 1 1 zero four 1 1 1 1 7 2 0 zero 0 - three 1 zero zero 2 4 zero zero zero - 5 1 0 1 zero Describe precisely how, in general, a virtual deal with generated through the CPU is translated right into a bodily cope with, with the useful resource of a diagram. [4 marks] To what physical deal with (if any) would the subsequent digital addresses correspond? (a) 1052 (b) 2221 (c) 5499 [6 marks]Consider the own family of 1-dimensional Gabor wavelets, parameterised for place x0, size ?, and frequency 0. Their functional shape is: f(x) = e ?i0x e ?(x?x0) 2 /?2 and their Fourier Transform is: F() = e ?ix0 e ?(?0) 2? 2 (a) Explain the dualities of: (i) modulation and moving; and (ii) similarity (reciprocal scaling), in phrases of the behaviour of the parameters in the expressions above for f(x) and F(). [4 marks] p = 4, ? = 10, explain the round to even method of rounding using the half-way cases 7.3125, 7.3175 as examples. Now consider p = 4, ? = 2. What is the value of ?m? What should each of the following numbers be rounded to, using round to even? 1.0101 1.1100 1.0011 1.1001 [6 marks] Suppose cos 6 is calculated by summing the series cos x = 1 ? x 2 2! + x 4 4! ? Estimate the value of the term with largest magnitude. Assuming this term can be computed with a relative error of 10?7 , what is the absolute error in computing this term? Hence, assuming cos 6 ' 1, estimate the relative error in the computed value of cos 6 to the nearest power of 10. [5 marks] What are guard digits? How would you compute ? x 2 ? 2 24 if there was a danger that x 2 might overflow? If both x and powers of 2 are exactly represented, and guard digits are used, estimate the relative error in the result if ?m = 10?7 .

Define analog transmission. 2. Define carrier signal and its role in analog transmission. 3. Describe digital-to-analog conversion. 4. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the digital signal in each of the following digital-to-analog conversion? a. ASK b. FSK c. PSK d. QAM 5. Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM) is the most susceptible to noise? Juxtapose your answer. 6. Define constellation diagram and its role in analog transmission. 7. What are the two components of a signal when the signal is represented on a constellation diagram? Which component is shown on the horizontal axis? Which is shown on the vertical axis?

public class LinkedList> implements ListInterface { private Node firstNode;

// the size of the linked list private int size;

/** * Creates a new LinkedList object */ public LinkedList() { firstNode = null; size = 0;

}

/** * Gets head of list * * @return head of linked list */ public Node getFirstNode() { return firstNode; }

/** * Gets the number of elements in the list * * @return the number of elements */ @Override public int getLength() { return size; }

/** * Ensures indices that are within the appropriate bounds * * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException * if either newPosition less than 0 or newPosition greater * than * getLength() + 1. */ public void indexInBounds(int index) { if (index < 0 || index > getLength()) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + index + " out of bounds"); } }

/** * Adds the object to the position in the list * * @precondition obj cannot be null * @param index * where to add the object * @param obj * the object to add * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException * if index is less than zero or greater than size * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if obj is null */ @Override public void add(int index, T obj) { // check if the object is null if (obj == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Object is null"); }

Question 5 What is true about grid computing? 1 pts Cloud computing is an example of grid computing. Grid computing is a type of infrastructure as a service. Grid computing can run in a cloud computing environment. O Cluster computing is an example of grid computing.