Refer to the salesforce.com financial statement excerpts given below to answer the questions.

On January 31, 2019, the price of salesforce.com stock was $151.97, and there were 770 million shares of common stock outstanding. The price of its stock on January 31, 2018, was $113.91. All questions relate to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, unless stated otherwise.

salesforce.com, inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations Fiscal Year Ended January 31, (in millions, except per share data) 2019 2018 2017 Income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes* 983 420 179 Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 127 (60) 144 Net income $ 1, 110 $ 360 $ 323 Basic net loss per share $ 1.48 $0.50 $0.47 Diluted net loss per share $ 1.43 $0.49 $0.46 Shares used in computing basic net loss per share 751 715 688 Shares used in computing diluted net loss per share 775 735 700 "Amounts include stock-based expenses, as follows: Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2019 2018 2017 Cost of revenues $ 161 $ 130 $ 107 Research and development 307 260 188 Marketing and sales 643 469 389 General and administrative 172 138 136\fFiscal Year Ended January 31, Stock Options 2019 2018 2017 Volatility 27-28% 28-31.4% 31.4-32.3% Estimated life 3.5 years 3.5 years 3.5 years Risk-free interest rate 2.5-3.0% 1.4-2.3% 0.9-1.6% Weighted-average fair value per share of grants $28.89 $22.71 $19.13Options Outstanding Shares Outstanding Weighted- Aggregate Available Stock Average Intrinsic for Grant Options Exercise Value (in thousands) (in thousands) Price (in millions) Balance as of January 31, 2018 50.313 21.735 $65.96 Increase in shares authorized 2013 Equity Incentive Plan 40,000 0.00 Assumed equity plans 8,357 0.00 Options granted under all plans (13,846) 13,846 69.04 Restricted stock activity (19,937) 0 0.00 Performance-based restricted stock units (1,911) Stock grants to board and advisory board members (146) 0.00 Exercised 0 (8,495) 44.40 Plan shares expired (163) 0 0.00 Canceled 1,140 (1,140) 77.59 Balance as of January 31, 2019 63.807 25.946 $74.15 $2.019 Vested or expected to vest 24.643 $72.65 $1,941 Exercisable as of January 31, 2019 12,770 $55.58 $1,231The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of January 31, 2019: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Weighted-Average Weighted- Weighted- Range of Exercise Remaining Number Contractual Life Average Average Number of Exercise Prices Outstanding (Years) Exercise Price Shares Price $0.03 to $21.54 3.664 6.3 $ 11.91 2.273 $21.81 $22.12 to $59.34 6.119 2.9 53.60 5.805 35.06 $59.37 to $75.01 995 5.2 68.37 442 38.45 $7 5.57 3.920 4.8 75.57 1.627 43.25 $76.48 to $82.08 3.634 3.9 80.85 2.391 52.30 $82.55 to $1 13.00 954 5.6 98.03 232 54.28 $1 18.04 to 155.52 6.660 6.2 120.23 0 0.00 25.946 4.9 $ 74.15 12,770 $55.58\f