References:

A:

Progress Check

1- Describe the sampling distribution for sample proportions and use it to identify unusual (and more common) sample results. 2- Distinguish between a sample statistic and a population parameter. 3- Use StatCruch to find a confidence interval to estimate a population proportion when conditions are met. 4- Interpret the confidence interval in context. 5- Interpret the meaning of a confidence level and relate it to the margin of error when testing a claim. 6- Given a claim about a population, determine the null and alternative hypotheses. 7- Conduct a hypothesis test for a population proportion and state a conclusion in context. 8- Interpret the P-value as a conditional probability. 9- Recognize type I and type II errors and articulate the consequence of either error.

B:

Race IAT Variables:

A: Crime-Equal: Law enforcement officers should act as if members of all racial groups are equally likely to commit crimes. 1= Strongly Disagree 2= Moderately Disagree 3= Slightly Disagree 4= Neither Agree Nor Disagree 5= Slightly Agree 6= Moderately Agree 7= Strongly Agree.

B: Race: 1= American Indian/Alaska Native 2= East Asian 3= South Asian 4= Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 5= Black or African American 6= White 7= Other or Unknown 8= Multiracial.

C:

Tables:

maximize

One sample proportion confidence interval:

Outcomes in Crime-Equal

Success: 6

p: Proportion of successes

Method: Standard-Wald

95% confidence interval results:

Variable	Count	Total	Sample Prop.	Std. Err.	L. Limit	U. Limit
Crime-Equal	142	999	0.14214214	0.011048068	0.12048833	0.16379596

maximize

One sample proportion confidence interval:

Outcomes in Race

Success: 5

p: Proportion of successes

Method: Standard-Wald

95% confidence interval results:

Variable	Count	Total	Sample Prop.	Std. Err.	L. Limit	U. Limit
Race	130	970	0.13402062	0.010938398	0.11258175	0.15545948

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QUESTIONS:

Please, Answer the questions From question #1 TO question #3. Thank you SO MUCH!!

Question 1: Please answer QUESTION 1 From parts A TO F.

The variable for this question is Crime-Equal.

A: Crime-Equal: Law enforcement officers should act as if members of all racial groups are equally likely to commit crimes. 1= Strongly Disagree 2= Moderately Disagree 3= Slightly Disagree 4= Neither Agree Nor Disagree 5= Slightly Agree 6= Moderately Agree 7= Strongly Agree.

maximize

One sample proportion confidence interval:

Outcomes in Crime-Equal

Success: 6

p: Proportion of successes

Method: Standard-Wald

95% confidence interval results:

Variable	Count	Total	Sample Prop.	Std. Err.	L. Limit	U. Limit
Crime-Equal	142	999	0.14214214	0.011048068	0.12048833	0.16379596

The variable for this question is Crime-Equal.

A: Crime-Equal: Law enforcement officers should act as if members of all racial groups are equally likely to commit crimes. 1= Strongly Disagree 2= Moderately Disagree 3= Slightly Disagree 4= Neither Agree Nor Disagree 5= Slightly Agree 6= Moderately Agree 7= Strongly Agree.

PARTS QUESTION #1

A: Which IAT data set are you working with?

B: Use StatCrunch to find the 95% confidence interval that estimates the population proportion of Race IAT participants who moderately agree that law enforcement officers should act as if members of all racial groups are equally likely to commit crimes.

C: Identify the sample proportion (P^) in the StatCrunch output table. Then determine whether conditions are met for using the confidence interval to estimate the population proportion of participants in your chosen IAT.

D: If conditions are met, estimate the population proportion of participants in the particular IAT.

E: State the conclusion in context. If conditions are not met. Explain what a researcher could do so that conditions are met.

F: Based on the analysis, think the population of participants in the chosen IAT is representative of the U.S. population? Explain.

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Question 2: Please answer QUESTION 2 From parts A TO G.

The variable for this question is Race.

Question to be investigated:

According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2019 approximately 13.4% of the U.S. population identified themselves as black.

B: Race:

1= American Indian/Alaska Native 2= East Asian 3= South Asian 4= Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 5= Black or African American 6= White 7= Other or Unknown 8= Multiracial.

maximize

One sample proportion confidence interval:

Outcomes in Race

Success: 5

p: Proportion of successes

Method: Standard-Wald

95% confidence interval results:

Variable	Count	Total	Sample Prop.	Std. Err.	L. Limit	U. Limit
Race	130	970	0.13402062	0.010938398	0.11258175	0.15545948

The variable for this question is Race.

B: Race:

1= American Indian/Alaska Native 2= East Asian 3= South Asian 4= Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 5= Black or African American 6= White 7= Other or Unknown 8= Multiracial.

PARTS QUESTION #2

A: Is the proportion of black participants lower for the chosen IAT?

B: State the hypotheses in symbolic form and in words. (The population of interest and the meaning of the proportion. In terms of the variable Race should be clear the answer.)

C: StatCrunch uses a normal model to estimate theP-value probability.

D: Are the normality conditions met? Explain and describe the work.

E: Use StatCrunch to conduct the hypothesis test.

F: What is the P-value and interpret its meaning as a conditional probability?

G: State a conclusion that answers the research question.

Use a significance level of 5%. (The answer should include theP-value and reference the population and the appropriate variable.)

*********

Question 3: Please answer QUESTION 3 From parts A TO C.

We cannot know whether a Type 1 or Type 2 error actually occurs in a hypothesis test. But, based on the results of our hypothesis test, we should be aware of which type of error is possible and what that error means in the context of our test.

PARTS QUESTION #3

A: For the hypothesis test, conducted inQuestion 2, which type of error is possible, Type1 or Type2?

B: Briefly explain why.

C: In the context of your hypothesis test, interpret the type of error you identified in part a).